Education for Global Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education for Global Society - Essay Example These rules and techniques strengthen the students' desire to get a particular degree which may not be available in his homeland. Diversity can affect both the environment of the class and the students. The language differences may lead the students to a communication gap. Students belonging to different culture face different problems in accordance to their living standards. The skill level of the students depends upon their origin and culture. Skill levels are greatly enhanced if the standard of the education system is according to their level. For example a student of China would face difficulties while studying in the USA. This is because the student is not able to cope up with the standards of education in USA as he has always studied in the standards of China. He may face difficulties in understanding the language and writing according to the standards in USA. Culture is an important part in the student's lives. If a person belongs to the USA he would have no difficulties in adjusting to the university environment. Similarly a person who is not of the USA culture might face some difficulties in adjusting to the environment. ... In order to provide a safe and sound environment to the students, paraprofessionals who belong to different cultures should be present there. Paraprofessionals of different heritages may help the students to study with accordance to the standards required in a particular university. They may provide the student with a sense of relief and security as the student belonging to different culture might not be feeling that secure with a paraprofessional of different culture. Parents of the students should also be handled properly by the teachers. The teachers should know that what environment and culture do the parents belong and then must treat the parents accordingly. For example the teachers should tell the parents about the environment of the university with accordance to their culture. The teacher should be completely aware of the multicultural students and the teacher should also know about the standards of education of students of different culture. For example the teacher should kn ow about the standards of education of China and should not force the student from China to work on the standards of USA immediately. If the student is being forced to study on a standard of which he is not aware, it is possible that he may suffer from other problems like he may be discouraged by the environment and possibly may quit his efforts to progress. (Opsahl 1996) If a teacher is teaching in a class where students from many different cultures are present he should always be careful about speaking in the right tone and accent so that all the students even who have a different native language can understand what the teacher is commending to

Western Civilazation. The Agrarian Revolution Essay

Western Civilazation. The Agrarian Revolution - Essay Example The activities of the ancestral man included inventing tools that they would use to hunt down effectively wild animals. They also used most of their time to look for areas that wild animals frequently passed or stayed. The organization of the society was not complex as their daily normal activities were exceedingly simple. The organization of people in the hunting and gathering period includes small groups of people like one to ten people in a group (Pouwels & Randall 79). However, these groups increased when food was abundant, and the climate was good to nearly a hundred people in a group. They moved frequently in search of the wild animals and crops. The shelters of people practicing hunting and gathering consisted of temporary shelters or caves safe from the dangers of the night and adverse weather conditions. Gathering started before hunting whereby the people organized in small groups could collect nuts and fruits that fell from trees. They could also collect eggs from large bir ds and other animals hidden in different places on the ground. With time gathering could not substantially accommodate the daily needs of the people. The foods they collected would be so little at times to fit their small groups. This is when they then decided to hunt down wild animals for food. The men who practiced hunting and gathering were the Homo erectus who had a lot of similitude to the modern man (Biesel & Schweitzer 17). This is in terms of their brain development and stature. They used other products of the animals they killed apart from the flesh, which they ate as food. They used the skin of the wild animals to make cloths that protected them from the harsh weather especially at night. They used other animal products like the horns to make weapons, which they used to kill other animals. Man started to develop the way in which he hunted the wild animals. This happened when they started hunting a particular group of wild animals. By observing their speed and strength, the y were able to invent tools that would effectively put them down. This includes tool like the bows and arrows, spears, fishing nets that would increase the number of fish that they could catch. The people also started to concentrate on certain plants that they collected and used for food. By doing this, they also came up with tools to make their gathering of the fruits or seeds easier. Agrarian revolution was the time in history when man started practicing agriculture as a way of sustaining their livelihood (Turne & Maryanski 76.). This happened when man began planting the crops that they had been collecting so that they could have access of it at any time (Rosen 159). It was the time when many people stopped hunting-gathering and embraced planting to get food and other basic commodities. During this period, not only did the source of food of the people change but also the societal organization changed. When in the hunting and gathering times, people used to stay in small groups. Ho wever, during the agrarian revolution, people had to organize themselves in complex systems (Herrman & Benzing 136). This then led to the drastic change in the environment where people lived. Towns and villages sprang up, and people used land that was usually bare to plant different types of crops. This thus led to organized political systems where people chose dominant leaders to lead others. The culture and the art world also changed as the culture and practices of the community changed. Language also improved significantly, as people had to communicate more in the agrarian setting than in the hunting and gathering settings. This is because people had to relate more to ensure that the activities they carried out worked well and in an organized manner.

Five Axioms of Urban Economics

Five Axioms of Urban Economics Economics is a science of scarcity and it is bound by rules and principles like other sciences. Arthur O’Sullivan’s five axioms of urban economics are the guiding principles for urban economic theory. In this essay, the author will define and discuss O’Sullivan’s five axioms of urban economics, and then explain the existence of cities utilizing the five axioms of urban economics. The Five Axioms of Urban Economics The first axiom of Urban Economics is stated as prices adjust to achieve locational equilibrium. What this axiom means is that prices change based on the desirability of the area until individuals no longer desire to leave their current occupied area of residence. Locational equilibrium is what keeps Dallas residents living in Dallas. South Dallas and Oak Cliff may be rough areas to live in, but property values are cheaper because of the perceived value of present characteristics of these areas. Down Town, Dallas is an expensive area in which to live, but wages are higher. Fewer people want to live Oak Cliff or South Dallas when compared to Downtown, so homes are priced lower in Oak Cliff or South Dallas than in Downtown. Prices for housing, land, and wages are always adjusting to make urban areas equally appealing. People will not place the same values on all cities equally, but with a multitude of cities and variance in individual circumstances, cities can reach equilibrium. The second axiom of Urban Economics is self-reinforcing effects generate extreme outcomes. This axiom means that if one type of person or group moves into an area, then that area will become more attractive to the same types of people or groups. Think about places around the Dallas area. Are there areas known for rich people the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area? What about trailer parks or areas specifically known for high poverty in North Texas are there any that come to mind? Is there any certain street where you might find a surplus of car dealerships, gas stations, or restaurants? These are all examples that could be considered extreme outcomes. These outcomes happen because of self-reinforcing effects, or changes that lead to similar changes. When a trailer park locates in a city, for example, the area right around that park becomes an excellent spot for a new trailer park, and this creates even more appeal for a third park, and so on. Soon the area has additional stores and services targeted at people living in trailer parks, adding to the appeal for future expansion. The same outcome is true for any group of people where there is a higher concentration or that group, such as African Americans concentrated in South Dallas. The third axiom is externalities cause inefficiency. An externality is a cost or benefit that is passed on to someone outside of a transaction. There are two types of externalities, positive and negative. A negative externality, or external cost, is an economic activity that imposes a negative effect on an unrelated third party (Urban Economics, 8E). A positive externality, or external benefit, is the positive effect an activity imposes on an unrelated third party (Urban Economics, 8E). For example, if a widget business expanded into a widget factory, then a negative externality of this expansion would be the increase in pollution that a factory would produce. Positive externalities of the expansion would be the improved effect in production of widgets through research and that the laborers’ work became easier and less dangerous. Both positive and negative externalities can occur on either the production or the consumption side (Urban Economics, 8E). Externalities cause ineffi ciency because they incentivize people to do too much or too little of something. The fourth axiom of Urban Economics is that production is subject to economies of scale. The higher the volume of production of a firm, the lower the production cost. If the firm makes only one widget it will incur the total cost of buying the needed supplies, research and development of making a widget, and time cost of producing the widget. The cost would be very high. If a widget factory made millions of widgets, it may receive cost reduction for buying supplies in bulk, and through higher production of widgets the production process could be streamlined and cut costs. By principle of scale of economy, the cost of making the millionth widget will be less than the cost of producing the first widget. The fifth and final axiom of Urban Economics is that competition generates zero economic profit (Urban Economics, 8E). Where there are profits, there are people interested in getting their share (Urban Economics, 8E). This axiom of urban economics says that in real life businesses try to maximize profits by trying to mimic ideal economic model conditions. Firms analyze where to derive profits and wherever profits are found, new businesses with lower prices drive down the prices and the profits for the industry. The result is efficient for consumers, who can buy what they want at optimal prices. Take our hypothetical scenario: you have complete working knowledge of the production of widgets, the market is profitable, and the starting capital was given to you. Therefore, you open your own widget making business. For most people, the answer is easy. Assuming all widgets are created equal, to be competitive in the market, you charge you lower price than your competitors charge. In the wi dget industry where price makes the difference, a competitor might respond by lowering their price as well. You would have no choice but to lower your prices again to remain competitive. Eventually, firms in the widget market will lower price levels to the point where there is no more profit and firms are only covering costs of production. Competition would have created a situation where there is no economic profit and no room for new firms to enter into the marketplace. Why Cities Exist According to the Axioms of Urban Economics Since modern society seems to focus on cities, it may seem strange to the modern Americans that cities actually are very young and a new idea in terms of history. Cities are where we work and live, cities host our governments, and cities are where firms choose to be to do their business. Urban Economics by Arthur OSullivan States cities exist because human technology has created systems of production and exchange that seem to defy the natural order†¦The transformation of a rural society into an urban one occurred because technological advances increased the agricultural surplus, increased the productivity of urban workers, and increased the efficiency of transportation and exchange (Urban Economics, 8E). Recently in history, society has shifted from an agricultural focus to a focus on industrialization. Obviously, we all could not live in cities or there would be no one to raise crops and ranch livestock. According to the first axiom of urbanization, a locational equilibrium has been established by making land cheaper in the country to offset the lower wages of farming and ranching so not everyone will move into the cities. Thus, land and housing would be more expensive the closer you come to the heart of a city to offset the high wages available in the urban setting. According to the second axiom of self-reinforcing effects generating extreme outcomes, industrial firms that produce industrial goods will centralize themselves in the city, and farms and ranches that produce agricultural goods will develop side by side in the countryside. The fifth axiom states that firms will develop near like firms and will do so until there is zero economic profit. This situation means that industrial firms will develop in the city and agricultural firms will develop in the countryside until there is no more profit to be made. The fourth axiom of the scaling effect would allow for specialization in both the countryside and the city. This would set up a comparative advanta ge economy between the countryside and the city where the city can trade their industrial goods for the agricultural goods of the countryside. Cities were born from efficiency, hard work, and ingenuity. Without inventions like the cotton gin or the tractor, Americans might still find themselves living on the farm today. Instead, only 5 percent of the population grows food that feeds the entire country with more to spare; and the rest of us work to produce something worthy of trading for that food or for some other good or service (Urban Economics, 8E). Therefore, cities exist because it is beneficial to produce what you specialize in and use trading firms to lower costs and trade with other cities and areas that may specialize in goods and services desired or needed. Second Essay Starts Marginal costs and benefits are utilized as a form of measurement of costs and benefits at a specific level of production and consumption.Everyday individuals, groups, and institutions make decisions based on our marginal evaluations of the alternatives. They do this by asking questions: â€Å"What will it cost to produce one more unit†, and â€Å"What benefit will be received by acquiring one more unit†? In this essay, the author will define and discuss marginal costs and benefits and their effect on market efficiency in the presence or absence of externalities. What Are Marginal Costs and Marginal Benefits? Marginal benefit is the gain you receive for doing anything one more time (Urban Economics, 8E). Marginal benefit is typically measured in terms of revenue or what price level the free market places on the next unit you produce (Urban Economics, 8E). Imagine you are the proud owner of a widget making shop, and you could sell an unlimited number of widgets for 10 dollars, then your marginal benefit for each additional widget you produced would be 10 dollars. Realistically though, there is a limit on the amount of any item you can sell at a given price. If your market is saturated, to sell another widget you may have to lower your price to 8 dollars. Therefore, your marginal benefit for the next widget you produce will be only 8 dollars. Consumers experience marginal benefits as well, but the value of these benefits are not generally measured by the measurement of revenue. If a customer, values a widget from your store at value laden 20 dollars, based on its perceived value and consumer satisfaction from a purchase of a widget from your shop, then they will buy one. However, once they have one, they will only consider buying a second widget at 20 dollars. If they buy a second widget from your shop, it is based solely on the value-laden perception that the widget’s benefit is worth the 20 dollars. If the consumers do not perceive that the widget has 20 dollars benefit or use, they will not purchase another widget at the 20-dollar price level. Therefore, if your shop wants the consumer to buy widgets, the owner must either lower the price or offer some other promotional benefit. Consumers marginal benefit is also referred to as marginal utility(Urban Economics, 8E). According to the law of diminishing marginal u tility, â€Å"as a person increases consumption of a product, while keeping consumption of other products constant, there is a decline in the marginal utility that person derives from consuming each additional unit of that product† (Urban Economics, 8E). As the marginal benefit for widgets declines among your customer base, so does the price they are willing to pay which in turn affects your marginal benefit as a widget producer. â€Å"Marginal cost is the total cost you incur to produce one more unit† (Urban Economics, 8E). Following the example from the previous paragraph, it is the cost to make one more widget. Since, marginal costs are measured by total cost divided by change in output, marginal cost declines as change in output increases (Urban Economics, 8E). The overhead costs of production gets spread out over the increased change units produced. At some point, though, marginal cost reaches full capacity, and if you want to increase production, you will have to buy more widget machines, hire more employees, keep longer hours, and eventually build another site of production. These changes will increase the total cost for making widgets, so your marginal cost will increase. Now marginal cost is going up while marginal revenue is declining, for reasons already discussed. This situation means you are making less profit for each widget. Market Efficiency without Externalities If there is competition in the market but no significant, the free market result is efficient and benefits both the producer and the buyer (Urban Economics, 8E). It may or may not be fair since it depends on the existing distribution of market ownership (Urban Economics, 8E). This efficiency is achieved because the maximized quantity of output produced by a perfectly competitive firm results in the equality between price and marginal cost (Urban Economics, 8E). The most optimized efficient market without externalities is Perfect completion market. Perfect competition Market is an idealized market structure that achieves an efficient allocation of resources. In the short and long run, this involves the equality between price and marginal cost (Urban Economics, 8E). Market Efficiency with Externalities An externality exists when a third party who is not directly involved in the buying or selling of the goods or service incurs a cost or benefit (Urban Economics, 8E). In other words, an externality arises when a third party to a transaction experiences addition costs which can be either negative or positive due to transactions between buyers and sellers(Urban Economics, 8E). Negative externalities occur when the consumption or production of a good causes a harmful effect to a third party (Urban Economics, 8E). For example, the pollution produced with a sports car, or traffic jams due large number of car owners. If a good has a negative externality, then the cost to society is greater than the cost consumer is paying for it (Urban Economics, 8E). A positive externality exists when the private benefit enjoyed from the production or consumption of goods and services are exceeded by the benefits as a whole to the society. In this scenario, a third party other than the buyer and seller will receive a benefit because of consuming the good (Urban Economics, 8E). An example of positive externalities is the increased value of the neighborhood when you refurbish the outside of your house. Externalities are not usually fully reflected in prices. Externalities are regarded as a form of market failure. The costs and benefits related to externalities are not typically included as part of the decision making process when making market decisions. Negative externalities because too many goods and services are being made available to the market and being consumed at ill efficient amounts (Urban Economics, 8E). Positive externalities cause too little of a good or services to be made available to the market which cause inefficacies in consumption of goods and services by consumers (Urban Economics, 8E). the price for the good and the quantity produced are lower than the market could bear. When positive externalities occur in a free market, consumers pay a lower price for goods and services and consume lesser quantity of those goods and services to socially efficient levels (Urban Economics, 8E). When negative externalities happen in a free market, producers do not pay the additional external costs that exist so the costs are passed on to society (Urban Economics, 8E). Thus, producers have lower marginal costs so more of the products and services are bought than the efficient amount (Urban Economics, 8E). In order to get consumers to consume more of goods and services that have been affected by a positive externality, a government subsidy can be given to the public (Urban Economics, 8E). The subsidy will increase the marginal benefit they receive when they consume the good. All those who receive the external benefits from the consumer goods (Urban Economics, 8E) can pay for the subsidy. The subsidy will increase the marginal benefit they receive when they consume the good and all those who receive benefits from the positive externalities (Urban Economics, 8E) can pay for the subsidy. Negative externalities result in a lower free-market output. In order to make the market produce the optimal amount, we must impose a government regulations or taxes. This is called internalizing the externality, and forces those involved to pay for the negative externalities (Urban Economics, 8E). In conclusion, through this essay the author has learned many things about regulated and unregulated markets. Both have their costs and benefits, and society should be very prudent when entering to the market place because not all the cost is seen.

The Marriage Of John And Jaqueline Kennedy Essay -- essays research pa

The Marriage of John and Jacqueline Kennedy. THESIS: Although the relationship of John and Jacqueline Kennedy evolved from friendship to love, their marriage was filled with tragedy, shame, and change. I. The relationship of John and Jacqueline Kennedy evolved from friendship to love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. They met at a dinner party thrown by Charles and Martha Bartlett.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Their marriage was called â€Å"the wedding of the year.† II. Their marriage had many tragedies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Although three children survived birth, Jackie had many unsuccessful   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   pregnancies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas while riding in a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   motorcade. III. Their marriage was filled with shame.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Jack had an irresistible urge to women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Jack had innumerable conversations with a Judith Campbell, a woman with   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   mob connections. IV. Their marriage was filled with change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Life was different for the Kennedy’s in the White House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Jackie did a complete renovation of the White House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C. Life changed drastically for Jackie after the assassination of her   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the relationship of John and Jacqueline Kennedy evolved from friendship to love, their marriage was filled with tragedy, shame and change. The life of the first family is highly publicized but many of the happenings of the Kennedy family were not meant to be up for public scrutiny. During the time that Kennedy was in office there were many political as well as personal events that went on in his life. Love, tragedy, shame, and change were just some of the feelings and occurrences that went on inside the White House.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jacqueline began her journalism career working for the Washington Times-Herald where she was soon promoted to â€Å"Inquiring Cameragirl.† This was how she first got to talk to Senator John F. Kennedy. She interviewed him for her column a few times and attended a ... ... Publishers,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1997. Anthony, Carl Sferrazza. First Ladies Volume II The Saga of the President’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wives and Their Power 1961-1990. New York: William Morrow and Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inc.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1991.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Davis, John H. Jacqueline Bouvier An Intimate Memoir. New York: John Wiley and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sons, Inc., 1996. Davis, John H. The Bouviers From Waterloo to the Kennedys and Beyond.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washington DC: National Press Books, 1993. Donald, Aida Dipace. â€Å"Kennedy, John F. Assassination.† Dictionary of American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History. 1976 ed. Encyclopedia Americana: John F. Kennedy. Frank B. Freidel, Jr. (1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.grolier.com/presidents/ea/bios/35pkenn.html. Heymann, David C. A Woman Named Jackie. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publishing group, 1994. â€Å"Kennedy, John Fitzgerald.† Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. 1998 ed. Mills, Judie. John F. Kennedy. New York: Franklin Watts, 1962. Watney, Hedda Lyons. Jackie O. New York: Leisure Books, 1994.

Grotowski

Drama Essay How theatre is made interesting by the way it is staged is by using a variety of techniques to intrigue viewers and audience members from just a platform stage and some actors to something unique and interesting. Grotowski believed to be interesting it did not need lighting, effects, costumes, makeup, props, costumes or scenery. This was regarded as poor theatre as funding was barely needed and stuck to its name still today.The minimal use of props meant that the same prop could be used as many different things; He also encouraged the use of music especially ritual music because it was successful in affecting the audience is different ways. Another technique Grotowski and Artaud taught his actors to portray real emotions to their scene as opposed to pretending. In my performance we created a series of small scenes directed and played like a poor theatre play would have been in Artaud and Grotowski time. Using the techniques learned in class of Artaud and Grotowski.Our sce ne developed through the idea of the word power trying to deliver a message to the audience. The several little scenes we developed with smooth transactions in between them without lights on /lights off like Growtaski did between his scenes. In each scene portraying the different aspects of power. In positive ways and negative ways. We did not wear costumes as we were playing many different characters in a short period of time and costume change would of taken to long as we were on stage at all time like Artaud actors where. So we simply wore black clothing to make us neutral and easier to believe the character we were representing.To come up with the our theme of power our teacher made us create a mind map of the Phrase â€Å"back in the day† and bounce off ideas of what it meant to us. We use this phrase for our first scene which had no script. We took the characters of apes in a time before humans and showed how power and dominance existed before human time. Having the use of no costumes, no stage props and no custom lighting. The audience focus is directed all towards the actors. So it is all through the actors that the audience can understand the play and believe it the way we want them to. We used one prop that had no use or meaning by itself until it was used.A fabricated simple ball that we used differently in every scene. We did not want to show a clear description of the object and wanted to let the audience imagine what it is for themself. For example in the first scene we made the audience believe the object was just a significant and important item to the apes and they could then imagine what the item was themself, Each ape wanted to hold on to the item and the ape holding the object would of had power over the others. The item was then transform as a microphone in the scene of a president speech and then transform again as illegal drugs to be then used into a fashion statement in the end.Why Artaud and Growtaski techniques of staging were successful was the involvement of the audience. The people coming to see the play where part of the performance and where all on their toes not knowing was going to come at them. Our group goal in involving the audience was to surprise them in every way we could. The scene opened with one of our member Connor in the character of an ape playing with the object while audience attention was drawn to him they did not expect the two other apes sneaking up behind them to sniff them pull their hair and reowr at them. This was successful as we created surprise and laughter.The audience where sited towards the stage with a gap in the middle to make our new entrances. How to interact with the audience are not only the actors coming to audience but the audience on stage. We even dragged audience members on stage to be pretend slapped and humiliated in not a mean way and of course we did not hurt the audience in anyway. In conclusion even though poor theatre is harder for the actors to portray a character without the use of a costume, props, lighting or stage design. This raw theatre is easily just as entertaining for an audience through the way it is created.

Male Character Essay

Masculine roles have effective power in recent movies. In the chapter, the author who is Kenneth Mackinnon talks about ‘masculinity in movies’ by variety ways. He not only considers about the different kinds of movie genres, individual movies and those male movie stars in general, but also introduces the hard body and soft body contrastively for audience. Moreover, Mackinnon mentions about the disadvantages of masculinity in the films and provides three recent illustrations in 2000 to answer the questions of masculinity clearly. The evidence which author selected is widespread but all come from the main idea of masculinity such as technological advances, the homoeroticism and heterosexuals, the feminism and masculinity and even the culture and history about masculinity in movies. At the beginning of the chapter, Mackinnon introduces the different genres about masculinity in movies by using lots of examples. There are variety of movie types such as action genres, bond movies, westerns, war films, slasher movies, sports movies and something else. One of the most important types is action movie. As Mackinnon said, action movie is †a version of heroism was promoted in these movies that depended on visual evidence of physical strength and might. †(P294) For this reason, the publishers pay much money to superstars in order to get the extraordinary effects in action films. For example, Sylvester Stallone in ‘make rampage’ movie. Similarly, bond movie, as an action series, depicted a new type of masculinity, which found in †Gentleman Chivalry† from 1962 to the present. The kind of movie continues to execute the heroism, which is popular among audience. For instance, the famous identities of 007 are James Bond and his ‘bond girl’. However, there is too much â€Å"technological excess† and special effects in recent years. That’s captured audience’s attention negatively. The author has also stated the westerns, which are â€Å"the supreme genre for the depiction of traditional, laconic, dominating masculinity. † (P297)The protagonists are usually cowboys in Hollywood film. The consequence of those boys usually be alone. Moreover, western movie allows violence, homosociality and â€Å"evasion of domestication†. The author’s opinion of masculinity in sports movies is that they provide a kind of lifestyle, which is a pure physical machismo for audience. In other words, it is â€Å"a highly stylized version of traditional masculinity†(P300) people have chance to watch a â€Å"natural† masculinity in sports movie. (i. e. Field of Dreams). Another genre has been mentioned is comedy. It’s a different side of masculinity. Comedy always shows audience the irony of traditional masculinity, especially in vulnerable side. They focused more on conflicts from fatherhood rather than motherhood. In order to understand the masculinity movie deeply, the author selected a few individual movies such as Born on the Fourth of July, Dead Ringers, The Crying Game and The Full Monty. The protagonist of Born on the Fourth of July is Don Kunz who acts as a â€Å"heroic masculine ideal† in the movie. He thinks winning is the most important thing. â€Å"to win, others must be losers†(p304)make him full of physical strength. He is a typical figure of masculine in movie. Male stars are also an important factor for masculinity movie, because female audience, even some of male audience will follow the movie stars. In the chapter, Mackinnon introduce male stars such as Warren Beatty, Clint Eastwood and Charles Bronson. Furthermore the author has talk about hard body and soft body. ( ) Everything has two sides. Masculinity movie also has some problems. One of the disadvantages is insistent heterosexuality. In the past, masculinity means the opposite of femininity. However, people focus on â€Å"make guy men nurturing and domesticated† (p310)in nowadays. In other word, Reference Kenneth Mackinnon (2003). Masculinity in Movies. In Gary McCarron (Third. ) Introduction to Communication Studies (pp. 294-315) Canada: Pearson Custom Publishing.

5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group

5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group 5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group 5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group By Mark Nichol You’ve got your writing group up and running. All the hard work’s over, right? Wrong. Just like any smooth-running machine, a writing group requires maintenance. Here are some tips for tender, loving care: 1. Construct Criticism Model proactive and up-front critiquing etiquette. Advise everyone to start positive with a compliment, then offer honest but objective, well-supported, and practical advice, and then conclude with another commendation. Continuously reinforce the message that no one is served when criticism is withheld; only focused, writing-centered (not writer-centered) commentary will help the writer grow. 2. Vary the Routine Some people might be ready to email a writing sample a week ahead of time to give others a chance to read and critique before the next meeting. Those selections don’t need to be read aloud before the group; you can go straight to discussion. (Hand the writer an annotated hard copy or return by email, with inserted notes, the file they sent you.) Others can pass around copies of a cold read and read it aloud while others jot down notes, then go to discussion. Yet others might simply read a shorter passage for a moment’s worth of specific advice, ask a few general questions without reading at all, or pass altogether that week, participating only in discussion about others’ work. (You may not have time to go over every group member’s project at each meeting anyway.) But don’t let any one member get away with following the same routine every time. Suggest a writing session every now and then: Everybody comes to the meeting, writes for an hour, then convenes to take turns reading part or all of their resulting selection for five minutes and getting one minute of feedback from each member. 3. Do Your Homework Establish expectations for criticism: When you read the writing of other group members, take notes, writing down questions, suggestions, and compliments. Be specific when you critique, praising a vivid description in particular or recommending more character development with detailed advice. Focus, however, not on telling others what to do but on asking questions to help them decide what to do. If you don’t understand something, or you feel that details are lacking, ask for an explanation or background information. Then, gently advise the author to incorporate their response into the narrative. Your homework also involves setting your ego aside and acting on others’ critiques. What’s the use of investing so much time and energy in this process if you don’t take feedback to heart? 4. Take a Break At regular intervals, step back from the critiquing cycle to meet just to advise or brainstorm about how to organize notes, do research, or work on character, plot, tone, and so on. Several times a year, go to a book reading together, or watch a movie or a play together and, for homework, draft a â€Å"novelization† or a rewrite of a scene and bring it to the next meeting. Compile a list of prompts for when members hit the wall. 5. Check In Periodically evaluate how the group is going. Are your meetings too often, not often enough, or just right? Too long, not long enough, or ideal? Is someone missing too many meetings or wallflowering, or does one person dominate them? Is everybody getting what they want out of the experience? What’s the procedure when somebody’s not fitting in? What do you do when one or more members drop out, or one or more members feel like increasing the number of people in the group? How do you recruit, and how do you decide whether to accept candidates? Establish and review your membership policies. Above all, remember that although the group is a democratic body that should operate by consensus, you, as the founder, must continue to moderate the proceedings and nudge everyone to always honor its principles and purposes. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsForming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives

Complete Guide on How to Write a Top-Notch International Trade Research Paper

Complete Guide on How to Write a Top-Notch International Trade Research Paper Introduction: General Concepts of International Trade Research Paper The International Trade research paper is a type of academic writing that is based on the prolonged and well-developed research of the author. Since International Trade is a discipline that has become one of the leading topics of discussion in both domestic and global political arenas in the recent years, it provides a great number of captivating topics to be researched. For that reason, it is possible for you to conduct research on one of the issues related to International Trade and make its thorough analysis. In addition, you are expected to present a personal evaluation of the chosen issue, make its comprehensive analysis, and discuss all the final findings. It is important for you to remember that International Trade is one of the most significant elements for the economy of many world countries. A considerable number of the studies related to this subject prove the fact that trade relations between different states have been a decisive economic factor for the large empires, various countries, and even small settlements for many centuries. Nowadays, it is crucial for the world states as the modern international economic relations are interested in developing their trade routes more than ever. Another important feature is that International Trade can force the development of international relations, provide interdependence between the countries, and force the development of both national and international economies. Thus, it is possible for you to write your International Trade research paper as the ordinary research of the particular topic or present it as a literary work with a purpose of creating a significant ground for the other wor ks in the future, would it be a thesis or a dissertation paper. The paper can also discuss relations between international trade and technological progress, its significant influence on transportation costs and communication services, related policies, the flow of goods, and various political and economic barriers. Each of these topics provides a great field for research. That is why, it is crucial for you to practice your research and writing skills, and consider easy and useful tips on how to create the well-developed and interesting International Trade research paper. Guiding You through the Process of Selecting a Research Topic Before starting the research paper, it is necessary to choose a topic. Choosing a topic may be considered the most important step as it sets the tone for the whole paper. For that reason, you should choose a captivating issue to discover that would allow you to conduct the effective research, find out new information, and evaluate it thoroughly. The topic may represent one particular area or discuss several small issues. Because International Trade represents a significant section of economic globalization, it provides a great number of topics to choose from. Thus, the controversies between interest groups and various groups of activists present an excellent discussion topic about trade policies, their advantages, disadvantages, and general influence on the global society and environment. Next, many companies that are export-oriented and obtaining significant profit. However, this approach puts pressure upon various international and local liberalization agreements that are in turn a nother topic that worth discussion. In addition, it is a well-known fact that domestically oriented companies do not support the development of the liberalization of trade and increase the influence of the WTO, and numerous regional trade contracts. This issue also presents a great topic to examine and evaluate as it has a straightforward influence on the development of international and local economies. It is important to remember that the primary goal of the International Trade research paper is to introduce a considerable and valuable theoretical discussion related to international trade, to provide numerous pieces of evidence, to mention recent events, decisions, and implementations, and to make a personal conclusion or to suggest new approaches to the chosen issue. While choosing the topic, pay attention to the themes that you are interested in as it would be much easier for you to conduct research and work on the paper. Besides, if you are interested in the topic, you are highly motivated to bring personal efforts and enthusiasm to discover the related information and think of your own conclusions. Despite the variety of the topics, it may appear to be quite difficult to choose a proper one. Thus, to make the right decision, focus your thoughts on one of International Trade issues and gradually develop it into the large and well-written paper. Don’t forget that the chosen topic should be manageable. Otherwise, it would be quite difficult for you to find valuable information and evaluate it properly. Here are some useful tips to make the process of choosing the topic for your International Trade research paper much easier: Look through the notes you made during the course and remember the subjects discussed in the books you were recommended to read. It is a great way for you to think of an interesting topic; Brainstorm the themes by remembering all the significant and captivating issues you have dealt with during the course. Thus, you will remember an interesting and suitable theme you want to discover; Think of the keywords of the topic and make a list of all the words you can remember. This approach allows you to discover a number of related themes, issues, and definitions, and develop a good topic; Research the answer to the research question and develop your topic from the obtained information; The thesis statement is another way to choose a topic. Usually, it already includes the answer to the research question and explains the object of your International Trade research paper. That is why it can be used as a topic as well. Finally, it is possible to develop one of the following topics: International Taxations and Their Impact on the International Trade; Impact of the Globalization Trends on the Tax Design; The Similarities and Differences Between Management Practices Across Companies in Different Countries; Comparative Analysis of the American and Chinese Trade Systems; Comparative Analysis of Wages and Employment in the United States of America and China; International Migrants and Their Selection by Global Companies; Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of the American Wage Structure. The Pre-Writing Process: Stages Activities Our Writers Use The Research Stage of Writing The next step after choosing a topic is to search for the related information, evaluate it properly, and make some conclusions. You may start by checking the available resources on the Internet. They include different databases, a lot of background information provided by reliable sources, and professional opinions of different well-known and respected specialists. In order to write the well-constructed International Trade research paper, discover all the possible information about the countries you are about to examine. Take into account the economic situation in the countries, their political stability, different social and cultural issues, and the most significant controversies to be solved in the nearest future. It is important to remember that economic background is one of the most important features for the field of International Trade. For that reason, discover GDP of the chosen countries, their financial debt, and purchasing capacity of the average resident. You should also surf the net searching for a number of peer-reviewed articles that are traditionally published in specialized journals. What is more, there are many credible journals, official reports, and other online sources where you can obtain background information. You can go to the local library and find books that include detailed information about International Trade, its major issues, and implemented decisions. Using the book as a source, pay attention to the year of publication as information published many years ago is usually irrelevant. Instead, use the sources published recently, and be sure that all the data you use has been collected recently. Finally, bookmark the most interesting and valuable materials while searching for information in the library and on the Internet to save them. Put down the titles of the books and articles, their authors, and dates of publication as they are required for a reference list. Creating a Thesis Statement A thesis statement is the core element of the paper as it presents the main purpose of the academic work, explains its primary arguments and gives the comprehensive answer to the research question. For that reason, the arguments in your paper should be grounded on the peer-reviewed sources that include relevant data. According to the traditional structure of the research paper, the thesis statement should include one well-developed sentence that transmits the message of the whole paper. An excellent example of a thesis statement for the International Trade research paper is the following: â€Å"Because separate companies usually depend on each other and rely on the facilities of each other, either a manufacturer of different products or a customer for their particular production, a developing financial stocks tend to affect separate firms and obtain control over the productive chains.† Making an Outline that Makes Sense The International Trade research paper usually includes: a title page that corresponds to the required format of the paper; an abstract (optional); an introduction part; three or more well-developed body paragraphs; the research materials and methods; the final results; the conclusion; the reference page. In addition, the paper may include additional information that cannot be added to the mentioned sections. Thus, all the tables, photos, pictures, and appendices should be added at the end of the work and followed by short explanations, if necessary. If it is quite challenging for you to write a paper from scratch, create an outline that would help you to organize your ideas and present them in an understandable and logical order. According to the general outline, your introduction part should include a thesis statement, explain the purpose of the paper, and mention discovered results. In addition, the body paragraphs should evaluate the mentioned arguments, and a conclusion should restate the thesis and present the final results. Title/Thesis Statement/Body Paragraphs It is important to remember that your International Trade research paper should have a clear title that is not overwhelmed with many words and a comprehensive introduction that includes a thesis statement and provides interesting information that grasps the attention of the audience. Next, it should include three or more body paragraphs that provide the arguments of the author and are supported by facts and pieces of evidence. Connect the paragraphs with transitional words to make it complete and stylistically appropriate. In the concluding section of the paper, you should mention all the sufficient claims and convince the readers of their validity. Post-Writing Stage: Round up the Paper with Something Powerful When the paper is accomplished, it is necessary to check it for misspellings. In addition, it should not contain irrelevant words, citations and wordy sentences. Every paragraph of your paper should present a separate argument and lead the reader to a logical conclusion. What is more, all the arguments should be supported with facts and quotes that must be cited according to the required format. Read the paper once more. This time do it aloud and check it for content errors to ensure the quotes correspond to the general idea of the paragraph. Check the facts thoroughly since the wrong data can affect the final results of the paper and put all your efforts in vain. If the structure of the paper is appropriate and the text is formatted according to the demands, check the text for plagiarism and cite borrowed information. Following these easy and understandable international trade research paper writing tips will allow you to write the excellent International Trade research paper that will be marked with the highest grade. References International Trade Research Paper. (2018). Retrieved from https://research-paper.essayempire.com/examples/political science/international-trade-research-paper/ McDonald, B. (2017). Finance Development. Retrieved from imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/trade.htm NBER Papers on International Trade and Investment. (2018). Retrieved from nber.org/papersbyprog/ITI.html Research Guides: ECON 508/580 International Trade: Topics. (2018). Retrieved from https://guides.emich.edu/econ508 Topics in International Trade. (2012). Retrieved from https://gps.ucsd.edu/_files/faculty/hanson/hanson_research_spring2012c.pdf

Case study dealing with depression

Case study dealing with depression Depression is one of the most common and widespread psychiatric disorders in the UK. Of over 5000 British residents, approximately 5.9% of males and 4.2% of females suffer from depressive illnesses (Based on DSM-IV criteria) (Ohayon, 1999). Consequently there has been much emphasis on implementing techniques and psychotherapy to solve these issues and find effective treatments for depression. This essay will explore, psychodynamic and CBT therapy, in treating depression. There are clear disparities between these two forms of therapy in regards to their theoretical underpinnings as well as the arguments both for and against their effectiveness in treating depression. Throughout this review particular attention will be paid to the similar features which run through both approaches in order to gather a much more conclusive view regarding psychotherapy in the treatment of depression. The essay will begin by briefly outlining depression and discussing the development of psychotherapy in treating it. After this, psychodynamic therapy which is one of the most traditional psychotherapeutic methods of dealing with depression will be explored, in order to gather an understanding of its views on solving the problem of depression. Before moving on to compare this too, the much more modern and focused intervention CBT, developed by Beck (1979). After each approach has been outlined the essay will go on to critically evaluate each approach, firstly in terms of its empirical grounding in research before moving on to gather an understanding of the arguments regarding their theoretical grounding. Before finally going on to conclude as to what is the best option for dealing with such a common and problematic condition. Depression is a condition which is characterized by negative moods and unpleasant states of mind which can undermine our ability to function normally (Gilbert, 2007). In some cases people are born with a predisposition to depression through neurological disorders . However, for many others, depression is likely to occur as a consequence of changing life circumstances. (Hollon, Thase, & Markowitz, 2002) For many years clients were effectively treated with medicines such as anti-depressants. However, the stigma and the side effects that are associated with this medication, mean that many patients diagnosed with depression are reluctant to use them. A survey carried out by Priest, Vize, Roberts, Roberts and Tylee (1996) used questionnaires and interviews to discover the lay person’s beliefs and attitudes to pharmaceuticals as treatment of depression. The study found that 78% of the 2003 participants from across the UK, regarded antidepressants as negative and addictive. This demonstrates that the general public are still very sceptical about using medication as a quick fix to their depression. (Priest et al, 1996) Psychotherapists believe it is addressing the central psychological underpinnings of depression which is essential to long te rm recovery. (Gilbert, 2007) One of the first alternative forms of treatment was psychodynamic therapy. Psychodynamic therapy is based on the belief that that the majority of mental functioning occurs in our unconscious. Jacobs (2004) explains that, according to Freud the structure of the psyche is constructed from birth, and therefore the child’s relationship with significant others in the early years of their life, notably their mother and father, are vital to the individual’s future developments.

Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Health care marketing - Essay Example He explained the role of public relations departments in hospitals to me in a very comprehensive and enlightening manner and yet managed to keep the discussion from going off the deep end. An example of this was his meticulous response to one question about the primary difference between marketing and PR. He responded by saying that though there exist clear differences between marketing and PR, still the line running between them is getting more and more blurred with time due to multiple factors. No matter how much confusing it gets to identify the line between the two domains, the differences continue to matter. It is important for a public administrator to acknowledge the ABCs of his/her job and what is required of him/her at work. It is essential to recognize the difference between communicating with investors or public and promoting the business. Often times when public administrators working at some healthcare facility are asked if they spend their time communicating with the pu blic or advertising/marketing their healthcare setup, they answer that they are doing both which is where the line between PR and marketing gets blurred. Charles further illuminated me by identifying how the difference between PR and marketing matters more in large corporations or big hospitals than in small healthcare clinics. There is an entire department of people working at the hospitals to keep a check on release of earnings and communicating with the public which is why identifying the difference between PR and healthcare marketing matters more in big hospitals. Many times during his working at the local hospital, Charles mentioned how despite obvious differences marketing and PR at times became a function of each other and fueled each other. Based on his work experience, he told that at times, it gets practically difficult to separate one from another. Both marketing and PR are important areas as people working in both departments actually handle myriad activities to achieve same objectives and though the focus, strategies, and planning in both departments might differ, each is increasingly essential for the wellbeing of a hospital. Both PR and marketing require a different set of skills and focus on elements which stand in contrast to each other. â€Å"There are major differences between marketing and public relations that arise mainly from the view that the developments in relationship marketing and public relations are intruding in each other’s domain† (Stroh, 2007). Still for sustaining the growth and reputation of a big healthcare setup and because the awareness regarding the line of difference between PR and marketing is quite nebulous, it is critically important for the PR department to work in collaboration and concert with the marketing side. Separating these two departments from each other often becomes an issue when working in big hospitals but the need of the time is that both PR and marketing people know what is happening on t he other side because not working in collaboration means weaker results due to unmet objectives. When I asked Charles about his opinion on how the set of skills and strategies for PR and marketing differ from each other, he began to discuss the differences by first claiming that both PR and marketing are management functions and both have the same primary goal to promote the business. They differ in

Telomeres and Tumors Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Telomeres and Tumors - Research Paper Example At one time, the DNA at the ends of chromosomes seemed to be static. Yet in most organisms that have been studied, the tips, called telomeres, are actually ever changing; they shorten and lengthen repeatedly† (Glieder and Blackburn). Since the past fifteen years, there have been remarkable findings, with respect to this change. Getting to the specifics, it has led to the discovery of theastonishing enzyme, telomerase that acts on telomeres and is considered a pre requisite for the maintenance of cancer in human being. Geneticists, Barbara McClintock, of University of Missouri at Columbia, and Hermann J. Muller, from the University of Edinburgh, are credited with having done extensive work on the intricate subjects of telomeres and telomerase. These scientists workedunconnectedly and with dissimilar organisms, however both of them realized that chromosomes were stabilized by a special component on their ends. â€Å"Muller coined the term telomere, from the Greek for end (telos) and part (meros). McClintock noted that without these end caps, chromosomes stick to one another, undergo structural changes and misbehave in other ways. These activities threaten the survival and faithful replication of chromosomes and, consequently, of the cells housing them.† (Glieder and Blackburn). ... â€Å"The observed heterogeneity led Blackburn, who had moved to the University of California at Berkeley, Jack W. Szostak of Harvard University and Janis Shampay of Berkeley to propose a new solution to what has been called the end-replication problem† (Glieder and Blackburn). â€Å"In 1972 James D. Watson, working at both Harvard and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, noted that DNA polymerases, the enzymes that replicate DNA, could not copy linear chromosomes all the way to the tip. Hence, the replication machinery had to leave a small region at the end (a piece of the telomere) un-copied.† (Glieder and Blackburn). Theoretically, if the cells were unable to reimburse for this fluke, chromosomes would decrease in their respective lengths, with each level of mitosis. The corrosion henceforth eradicating the telomeres and perilous genes in some group of the cells. The variations in the length of telomere, for the scientists, were an indicator that cells uphold telomeres at a constant size, or at least they try to. The telomeres decrease in length during mitosis, but their length also increases as freshly formed subunits attach themselves to them. â€Å"The researchers suspected that the source of these additional repeats was some undiscovered enzyme capable of a trick that standard DNA polymerases could not perform.† (Glieder and Blackburn). â€Å"When cells replicate their chromosomes, which consist of two strands of DNA twisted around each other, they begin by separating the double helix. The polymerases use each of these parentstrands as a template for constructing a new partner. The special enzyme the workers envisioned would be able to build extensions to single strands of DNA from scratch, without benefit of an existing DNA template.† (Glieder

Endangered species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Endangered species - Research Paper Example In United States, the endangered species Act remains domineering in protecting and preventing extinction of endangered animals and plants within the earth and sea. While implementation and realization of recovery plans including endangered species Act polices administered by Fish and wildlife service, as an agency remains extremely expensive and effectual to the economy, it has greater benefits. Recovery and prevention of endangered species have greater significant benefits including maintenance and sustainability of the ecosystem when compared to protection of individual property rights. Ecological balance requires collective involvement of animals and plants, a condition that eliminates individual rights. It is imperious to note that protecting and efficient recovery remains authoritative in preserving societal cultural values besides mutual scientific and economic values. Moreover, recovery policies including endangered species have remained indispensable in preserving the most precious fisheries, plants, and animals that faced extinction threats in America. The most significant animals that faced extinction and have successfully been recovered from the danger includes California tiger salamander, black-footed ferret, delta smelt, salt-marsh harvest mouse, alameda whipsnake, San joaquin kit fox, and many others (EPA, 2014). Preservation and recovery of the animals have remained essential in preserving Californian cultural heritage for instance besides contribution to overall economic growth through tourism, and supplementing educational studies. There exists great interdependence in nature consisting of a mutual benefit link between plants and animals. The interdependence system remains fundamental when there exists variety of plants and animals in ensuring ecological balance and maintenance. For instance, nitrogen cycle remains as the most significant bio-system that links a relationship in nature

Discuss the theory of Optimal Capital Structure Essay

Discuss the theory of Optimal Capital Structure - Essay Example It gives the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). If the firm needs to have the lowest WACC, it should design its capital structure in such a way that the debt equity ratio is high which would bring down the WACC. The Optimal Capital Structure is that mix of debt and equity that maximizes the firm’s value or minimizes the cost of capital. There is no standard mix of debt and equity that maximizes the firm’s value, but each firm should strike a balance between risk and return thereby maximizing the share price, depending on its size and financial position. 1) If the firm size is small, it is difficult to make regular principal and interest payments in the event of shortages in generating substantial cash flow. Such firms face heavy fines and penalties by the creditors. Trade-off Theory: Maximum debt can be raised when the share price is at its maximum. If the firm raises any more debt, the share price will decline. The point where share price is maximum, it is the trade-off point; risk and return are both at their peaks. Any change would cause a disbalance in the position of risk and return. The maximum risk involved is that of bankruptcy and the maximum return is the maximum value of the shares. Below is a graph that depicts the trade-off between risk and return. Signaling Theory: This theory states that when the firm issues bonds for debt financing, it sends out a positive signal in the market. The cost of borrowing will be low as compared to the return the firm will get by putting money in that project. When the firm issues shares for equity financing, it gives out a negative signal in the market because it reflects the credibility of the company and insinuates that the firm cannot raise finance by borrowing from the market and that it is in dire need of funds. 5) Future flexibility. The firm should leave room for maneuvering and have flexibility in the capital structure

Social Marketing Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Marketing 2 - Assignment Example There is need to sensitise the population about the need to seek professional medical services and also avail the services to the people (Lee & Kotler 2011). The campaign will be targeting various stakeholders who can be involved in delivering the communication and the services within the programme. The campaign will be seeking to sensitise the aboriginals on the need for seeking professional medical assistance when faced with health complications (Neiger et al. 2003). This campaign’s objective will be achieved through ensuring the active participation of the various groups of people being targeted by the campaign. The targets will include the following The fundamental focus of the campaign will be on the change of behaviour among the aboriginals to begin using healthcare facilities rather than relying on their traditional medicine in the treatment of various ailments. A change in the behaviour will be initiated by the campaigns which will be sensitising the people on the importance of visiting healthcare facilities (Lefebvre 2011). The campaign will be aimed at educating the people on the importance of depending on the professional healthcare services offered at institutions. The target groups will be informed through the media and direct communication delivered through social organisations providing other services to the community. The application of these methods will ensure that the target populations are reached by the campaign message in order to achieve the objectives of the campaign. Freedom from diseases will be the name of the campaign which will be undertaken in seeking to achieve the objectives that have been defined within the plan. This name of the campaign will be communicating the target for the whole campaign as well as the benefits which people will be getting from the product. Active involvement will be leading people

Endangered species Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Endangered species - Research Paper Example In United States, the endangered species Act remains domineering in protecting and preventing extinction of endangered animals and plants within the earth and sea. While implementation and realization of recovery plans including endangered species Act polices administered by Fish and wildlife service, as an agency remains extremely expensive and effectual to the economy, it has greater benefits. Recovery and prevention of endangered species have greater significant benefits including maintenance and sustainability of the ecosystem when compared to protection of individual property rights. Ecological balance requires collective involvement of animals and plants, a condition that eliminates individual rights. It is imperious to note that protecting and efficient recovery remains authoritative in preserving societal cultural values besides mutual scientific and economic values. Moreover, recovery policies including endangered species have remained indispensable in preserving the most precious fisheries, plants, and animals that faced extinction threats in America. The most significant animals that faced extinction and have successfully been recovered from the danger includes California tiger salamander, black-footed ferret, delta smelt, salt-marsh harvest mouse, alameda whipsnake, San joaquin kit fox, and many others (EPA, 2014). Preservation and recovery of the animals have remained essential in preserving Californian cultural heritage for instance besides contribution to overall economic growth through tourism, and supplementing educational studies. There exists great interdependence in nature consisting of a mutual benefit link between plants and animals. The interdependence system remains fundamental when there exists variety of plants and animals in ensuring ecological balance and maintenance. For instance, nitrogen cycle remains as the most significant bio-system that links a relationship in nature

Social Marketing Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Marketing 2 - Assignment Example There is need to sensitise the population about the need to seek professional medical services and also avail the services to the people (Lee & Kotler 2011). The campaign will be targeting various stakeholders who can be involved in delivering the communication and the services within the programme. The campaign will be seeking to sensitise the aboriginals on the need for seeking professional medical assistance when faced with health complications (Neiger et al. 2003). This campaign’s objective will be achieved through ensuring the active participation of the various groups of people being targeted by the campaign. The targets will include the following The fundamental focus of the campaign will be on the change of behaviour among the aboriginals to begin using healthcare facilities rather than relying on their traditional medicine in the treatment of various ailments. A change in the behaviour will be initiated by the campaigns which will be sensitising the people on the importance of visiting healthcare facilities (Lefebvre 2011). The campaign will be aimed at educating the people on the importance of depending on the professional healthcare services offered at institutions. The target groups will be informed through the media and direct communication delivered through social organisations providing other services to the community. The application of these methods will ensure that the target populations are reached by the campaign message in order to achieve the objectives of the campaign. Freedom from diseases will be the name of the campaign which will be undertaken in seeking to achieve the objectives that have been defined within the plan. This name of the campaign will be communicating the target for the whole campaign as well as the benefits which people will be getting from the product. Active involvement will be leading people

Language Research Essay Example for Free

Language Research Essay It is true that Northrop Frye’s ideas about the way we speak and the function and levels of our language gives us something to think about and brings up the question of why different languages present such huge problems when there is a language barrier between those who are trying to communicate. Northrop demonstrates his own ideas about how to communicate better as he talks about language on a societal, individual and worldwide level. For those who have only spoken one language their entire life, to be presented with a new language can be thoroughly frustrating and confusing. One language can be so different from the other and trying to speak a new language can take a huge amount of time in studying the pronunciation of new words and trying to relay them to others with the same rhythm that they speak. A good example of the frustration and confusion of a language barrier, I witnessed in a shopping mall. The foreigner was trying so hard to get their message across to the sales clerk and only ended up leaving the store with disappointment. I noticed that the foreigner spoke slowly and tried to pronounce their words slowly and clearly as the sales associate just spoke in their usual manner and not putting any effort into speaking more slowly and clearly or even trying to use other, more simpler words which would have helped the foreigner, tremendously. Instead of opting to try other methods of communicating, the clerk only let the customer leave without hesitation. It seemed that the associate would rather lose money for the company, let the customer leave with frustration and avoid the entire incident, completely, rather than finding a better way to communicate. Another example of a racial language barrier, I witnessed at a gas station. This time the foreigner spoke loudly and quickly and the group in our immediate area only looked away or stared at the individual as if they were saying nothing at all. The foreigner this time, forgot to find a better way to communicate. I wondered if there was an emergency or a problem with this person that needed immediate attention from the people around, since they seemed desperate and frightened. There was not a single person in the area that spoke the same language as the person rambled on about something that we had no idea what they were speaking about. To me, this language barrier was extremely frustrating, as well and I felt bad that I couldn’t understand the message they were trying so hard to convey. They left the scene, without any help, just as the individual in the shopping mall who wasn’t able to communicate clearly enough and who didn’t have the proper listener who was willing to use a different method for communicating. In order to break the language barrier, it is so important that we learn to adapt to other cultures and become more patient and educated for different languages to be used and understood. Newcomers to a region are not always equipped with the proper language skills that they need to function properly in society and it is important for them to study the new language and practice for success in speaking the new language. They must learn to achieve goals by listening to people talk and adapting to the new speech. It will take patience and tolerance in learning the new language and with this in mind, they will become good speakers and will also be capable of learning to speak the language which will end the constant frustration and confusion.

Case Study: Mathematics In Primary School

Case Study: Mathematics In Primary School During a childs early years it is vital to develop the cognitive and social skills that will allow them to generate a foundation of knowledge and a basic set of skills for learning, which can be applied and developed throughout the rest of their schooling and adult life. This begins with the parental and familial influence on the child and progresses through their Primary School years and interaction with teachers and peers. Communication between parents, teacher and child are therefore of vital importance. Without these ingredients, a child may not achieve their full potential. For the reasons noted above it is necessary to ensure that the mathematical ability of young pupils is well established in the early years setting. A number of recommendations which have implications for pupils and Early Years practitioners are made in the Williams report and will be reviewed below. The impact of parental influence on the developing child is immeasurable. As such it is critical to ensure that the mathematical ability of, and teaching method used by parents is sufficient to understand and teach their child in a way which is relevant to the current syllabus (parents mathematical skills may be weak or outdated). It is also important for parents to encourage positivity towards mathematics this is only possible if they are confident with mathematics themselves. Provision of programmes, such as Sure Start, Effective Provision of Pre-School Education and the work of Parent Support Advisors, aim to achieve this and should continue to receive funding to break the continuing cycle of negativity towards mathematics. It is the responsibility of the Early Years teacher, with specific regard to mathematics, to: Form effective bonds with pupils to affect their learning (one of the key features of Early Years Foundation Stage). Treat the child as a unique individual and adapt pedagogy accordingly, creating an enabling environment for all pupils. Generate interest in the subject matter. Provide basic skills in the core mathematical operations. It is suggested that learning goals should be expanded to include time and capacity. This seems a logical expansion of the core mathematical concepts and will allow for accelerated understanding of the more difficult concepts. Challenge the pupil and generate progression of knowledge, thinking skills and learning methods. However, the child must not be overloaded. Assess progress or lack thereof (allowing generation of the childs Individual Education Plan), provide intervention if necessary, supervise the intervention and correctly assess and acknowledge progress. Involve parents in the childs learning process and provide feedback, especially if the child needs extra support. This can bring the childs ability in-line with peers and prevent the child from falling behind. This is also important in the converse scenario; it is important to challenge a gifted pupil. Parents can be influential here. Assist in the generation of a positive attitude towards Mathematics for pupil and parent(s)/guardian(s). Ensure that the childs confidence is maintained and therefore retain the childs appetite for new learning. Therefore it is vital that teachers develop an effective pedagogy. This process begins with the development of teaching strategies through Initial Teacher Training (ITT) and is enhanced through continuous professional development (CPD). The application of effective pedagogy includes focusing learning appropriately (with guidance from the syllabus), creating realistic yet challenging and tailored educational aims, implementing a well honed teaching technique to achieve educational aims, supported by sufficient subject knowledge. Provision of quality teaching shares a linear relationship with the mean qualification level of all staff. Consequently it is suggested that the DCSF continues to increase the proportion of graduate practitioners in early years settings recognising the respective contributions of the Qualified Teacher. This provides further support for the direction of all staff toward CPD which should be tailored around childrens understanding of mathematical concepts and way s of learning. Effective Early Years mathematical pedagogy must support children in developing new skills, generating the ability to understand and analyse mathematical concepts, and eventually to evaluate and apply those concepts to problem solving tasks. The learning environment should make mathematics less stressful from an early age. With Early Years pupils in mind it is important to utilise play and daily routines to generate interest in numeracy and mathematical problem solving. Simple activities can carry a mathematical concept such as division by sharing, addition/subtraction in weighing activities, assessing shape etc. To continue the cycle, mathematical exercises must be fun to retain the childs interest and expand confidence. Involving peers in problem solving tasks expands social skills and provides partners for discussion whilst knowledge is improved. The head teacher and management team should prioritise and manage professional development opportunities to develop subject knowledge and pedagogy, through learning, coaching and mentoring initiatives for all staff members. It must be ensured that this is not detrimental to contact time. Williams review would encourage the inclusion of a mathematics component in the CPD programme for head teachers themselves. The head teacher must manage resources in-line with the advice of the management team regarding finance available for manpower and learning aids. It is appropriate for the head teacher to appoint subject leaders who become subject specialists, capable of training and supporting other teachers. Ultimately the head teacher and management team are responsible for demonstrating and coaching good practice to their staff. The head teacher should encourage their staff to deliver the curriculum content to emphasis connections between various mathematical concepts. It is important to note that mathematical concepts and the analysis and evaluation of these concepts cannot occur in the absence of English language skills. Pupils and teacher must be comfortable with mathematical language. Problems with language can cause a cyclical reduction of confidence which generates a lack of motivation and ultimately lack of progress. If the child does experience a difficulty in either numeracy or literacy, some form of intervention should be utilised to raise the attainment level of the child. This can be one of three waves of intervention based within the Primary National Strategy. The three waves are of increasing intensity and correlate largely with the group size requiring intervention. The Every Child Counts programme is delivered during wave 3 intervention and targets year 2 pupils who are not expected to achieve expected levels of attainment by the end of Key Stage 1. Currently in its second year of development, for national application in 2010-11, Every Child Counts aims to develop a highly effective numeracy intervention for young children with the greatest difficulties in mathematics (http://www.everychildachancetrust.org/counts/index.cfm). In support of this aim, Every Child Counts provides training and support for teachers. However, teachers must ensure that their CPD targets allow them to effectively deliver any intervention which they deem necessary for the pupils in their care. Understanding intervention, when it is necessary and its importance should be included within the content of ITT understanding of these factors in the early part of a teachers career allows them to apply the principles during delivery of high quality teaching tailored to each chil d on a daily basis (rather than as purely remedial action). As noted earlier, the childs familial and social situation impact upon their education. As such, the Every Child Counts programme is developed in line with the Every Child a Chance Trust which aims to maximise the achievement of children from socially disadvantaged groups. However, it is important to note that wave 3 intervention delivered through the Every Child Counts scheme is targeted at the 5% lowest attaining pupils nationally, not the lowest 5% in each school. This decision has to be based upon time and resources, the availability of specialists to deliver the intervention and costs of the aforementioned it is impossible to provide intervention for all. Unfortunately this leaves a number of pupils without the support they need. As such it must be a long-term target to provide intervention for more children to prevent disadvantaging one over another. According to the Williams report, wave 1 intervention involves quality first teaching in a daily mathematics lesson. This suggests that quality teaching of mathematics is provided only when remedial action becomes necessary, perhaps this is due to a lack of confidence of the teacher with mathematics. Regardless of the specific reason for this assertion, it has implications for teachers and trainee teachers. ITT and CPD courses must also ensure that their mathematical ability, and confidence with mathematics, is high. Furthermore, it is suggested that a Mathematics Specialist is employed to ensure delivery of high quality teaching in mathematics through support of teachers and assistance with intensive wave three interventions. Any intervention technique/programme has a number of essential components/considerations; (i) assessment, (ii) timing, (iii) duration, (iv) withdrawal from regular schooling, (v) group size, (vi) the intervention leader, (vii) intervention resources and (viii) parents. It is critical to continually monitor the progress of all pupils (in comparison with peers and themselves) in order to accurately assess the need for intervention. The assessment phase should highlight goals for and the likely timing of the intervention based on attainment, without negative impact upon the childs confidence in their achievements or ability. Continual assessment through the programme will update the duration of the intervention (determined during assessment. It is suggested that implementation of Every Child Counts is appropriate in Year 2 is timely and practical and will appropriately limit the pressure on Year 1 teachers and pupils. The supportive and corrective intervention programme must not be detrimental to, the need for the pupil to continue learning in other subjects. The intervention must also prevent isolation from peers. Wave 2 intervention is often able to ensure that pupils are brought up-to-speed with the rest of the class whilst receiving the remedial action they require. With this in mind, it is also important to consider the group size used in any intervention. As noted by Dowkers review of the research conducted by Denvir and Brown (1986b), pupils are more relaxed and positive when taught in a group but can often be distracted by others. This has been reflected in the research phase of Every Child Counts. The head teacher and staff must collaborate on the choice to stream children to support the provision of teaching which stretches all pupils. It becomes more difficult to tailor the intervention activities to the unique needs of each child if they are provided in a group session. Progress assessments can also become difficult if the child hides during comprehension activities. It is therefore necessary to balance the benefits against the consequences of group based intervention. The intervention leader and resources needed must be selected according to the level of support required to sufficiently increase attainment; delivery can be undertaken by the class teacher, teaching assistant, Mathematics Specialist (as suggested by Williams) or parents. Cost factors must also be considered, for example, it is more economical for a teaching assistant to deliver a group intervention than a highly qualified teacher or specialist to deliver one-to-one intervention. It is important to ensure that parents understand and are committed to the intervention and provide learning support at home. It is important for the head teacher to allocate time to assess progress of Year 2 pupils with teachers throughout the year allowing them to plan and manage the timetabling and allocation of/need for resources, including intervention resources. To summarise, best practice in teaching mathematics gives children an understanding and appreciation of mathematics. This requires and effective pedagogy which generates progression of knowledge and understanding. The teacher must be confident, inventive and possess excellent communication skills. ITT is central to developing these skills which should be supported by subject-specific Specialists and CPD programmes provided by the Head teacher. Quality teaching and Intervention and programmes such as Every Child Counts must be regarded as an investment in a childs abilities at an early stage to allow them to contribute positively to the economy in adult life. The head teacher and management team must consider the suggestion to employ and manage a Mathematics Specialist and recruit staff who can deliver effective teaching in collaboration with TAs and parents. Work referenced: http://www.everychildachancetrust.org/counts/index.cfm accessed on 30 August 2010

DArtagnan :: essays research papers

D'Artagnan is a young, impoverished man from the rural area of France called Gascony. He goes to Paris in hopes of becoming one of the king's musketeers. He has few assets and relies on his wit and charm to guide him. Despite his lack of juvenility, he still deeply believes in the idea of chivalry. It is that ideal that earns him the respect and friendship of his friends Athos, Porthos, and Aramis. D'Artagnan is also a very passionate man. He pursues both his enemies and love interests with reckless abandon. An example would be D'Artagnan's pursuit of his 'evil-guiness,'; Rochefort. Also, his passion is exhibited in his quest to aid the queen. Such deeds also prove D'Artagnan's bravery. And, it is D'Artagnan's bravery that earns him the trust of the queen and allows him to pursue his love interest, Madame Bonacieux. D'Artagnan's bravery also allows him to become a soldier, and later, a musketeer. It also gives D'Artagnan the courage to battle against the cardinal, despite his power. Thus, his bravery also gets him into trouble. D'Artagnan is constantly at battle against the cardinal and his agents. However, D'Artagnan is not alone in his battles. His friends support him throughout the book. And, D'Artagnan is equally allegiant to his friends. He supports his friends whenever the need arises. An example would be D'Artagnan's choice to fight with his friends in their first melee with Rochefort. D'Artagnan is indubitably loyal to his friends, as they are to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loyalty is a prominent theme in the book. It is the very essence of the characters, 'All for one and one for all.'; The four friends are devoted to each other and prove it throughout the book. The friends all nobly stand by each other in their battle against the cardinal. On several occasions D'Artangnan calls upon his comrades to help him in his quests. D'Artangnan tells them nothing of the details simply that they are likely to perish on the journey. Yet, all the friends immediately and without query agree to assist D'Artangnan. Another example is D'Artangnan's extreme loyalty to the queen and his love Madame Bonacieux. D'Artagnan accepts several dangerous missions from the queen. He risks life and limb to help save the queen from scandal. And again endangers himself in an attempt to rescue his beloved Madame Bonacieux. It is D'Artagnan's loyalty that actually makes him a musketeer.

Video Games Are More Useful Than You Think Essay -- Argumentative Vide

In today’s world of video games, there are wonderful pictures, surround sound effects, and realistic graphics which encourage players to keep playing. It means when they play an action game or war game, it will have shooting shots, bloody splashes, decapitated scenes, or fighting movements. Unfortunately some people call these games causes negative effects in players. They say that violent video games cause players to become killers or terrorists. A research study on video game violence concluded, â€Å"There is no evidence to show proof of the relationship between computer game violence and violence in children above the age of 8.† (Stuart, 2014) Moreover, millions of people play violent video games and never commit crimes. Actually video games have been established for long time ago – more than 20 years before the violent video games became a mainstream industry around the world. Vidoe games provide player with numerous benefits. More than hundred reasons that make video games violent are good for people who really love to play an action video game. Video games create benefits for players both directly and indirectly ways. First of all, the clear advantage of video games is a video game introduces children to computers and the internet technology because nowadays most games are involved with the internet. (Farrales) Then the video games avoid drugs and uninvolved with gangsters. Because when children or teenagers begin to play games inside the home rather than being on the streets and join the gangsters, or use any drugs. Moreover, the players are training for cooperation skills between making their brain move fast to moving their hands, and having sharp eyes for catch up. Consequently, the players increase their potential of co... ...ResearchPaper.htm#effects ) Nadeau, Brandon. â€Å"Video Games Make Society Less Violent.† American Now. The Daily Campus., The University of Connecticut. October 21, 2012 Stuart, Keith. "Video games are not making us more violent, study shows" Guardian News and Media Limited, Monday 10 November 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/nov/10/video-games-violent-study-finds Kalning, Kristin. â€Å"Does game violence make teens aggressive?† Dec. 8, 2012 (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16099971/) Pratt, Bill. â€Å"The Advantages of Video Games.† April 25, 2013 (http://www.articlesbase.com/web-hosting-articles/the-advantages-of-video-games-395921.html) Taylor, Laurie N. â€Å"Positive Features of Video Games.† Handbook of Children, Culture, and Violence. Eds. Nancy E. Dowd, Dorothy G. Singer, and Robin Fretwell Wilson. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2006.

Sometimes People Are Unable to Control the Directions Their Lives Take.

Sometimes people are unable to control the direction their lives take. This can be a hard concept to grasp, but one needs to understand that one cannot control every single detail or event in one’s life, and also cannot possibly predict what will happen in the future. Obstacles of every kind will strike, whether these trials come in the form of day to day hardships, catastrophic natural disasters, or even the fate of the gods. The only thing one can really do is adapt to the new situation and try to move forward. Making decisions can be extremely difficult but one of the worst feelings a person can have is having a decision made for you. Although one may consider these changes in direction to be trivial, in truth they may actually have the power to alter the path of one’s life. Like many Grade Twelve's, I put my fate into the hands of the Admissions Office of each prospective University. I had done everything I could in the beginning of the year to get respectable grades and be accepted into all the schools I wanted, just so I had every possible option available to me. It started off well, with my early acceptance to Queens University and University of Alberta but then came McGill University. It had been one of my top choices, and I was tremendously disappointed. Although I have now accepted that I have no chance of attending McGill this upcoming Fall, it was still painful to think that an entire future, a whole different person that I could have become, died away with that one rejection letter. In time, I realized there was nothing left to do but to go check out the other universities. Fortunately, I fell in love with the Queens University campus just two weeks ago after visiting it for the first time. As Martin Luther King Jr. said, â€Å"We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose infinite hope. Though I may not be able to control the unexpected twists in my life, at least I know that I will always be able to face any upcoming challenges with a strength and determination that I will always be able to control. Additionally, people always find themselves unable to control the direction their lives take when natural disasters strike. This unfortunate destruction can come in the form of a tsunami in Asia, Hurricane Katrina or most recently, the earthquake in Haiti. Considered one of the worst natural disasters in recent history, the quake caused immense damage to structures f all kinds, and wreaked havoc upon millions of lives. These poor people had no real way of knowing a disaster that immense would strike, and ultimately were powerless to stop its terrifying force. Unfortunately, the citizens of Haiti had to experience a complete change to their lifestyle, and were forced to deal with a massive obstacle that the rest of the world could barely comprehend. All that these victims could do was accept that they had no control over what happened, and then attempt to pick up the pieces of their lives amidst the chaos that surrounded them. Truly, human beings are left powerless to control the detrimental effects that Mother Nature has on their lives when a natural disaster hits. Furthermore, no matter how many obstacles or how impossible they may seem, even if against the will of the gods, one must still try to move forward. In Homer’s timeless epic, The Odyssey, the protagonist Odysseus is faced with countless trials and tribulations that he must endure before he may finally return home. After the great battle of Troy, Odysseus attempts to return to his love, Penelope and son, Telemachus. Unfortunately his homecoming is delayed an endless 10 years because of the reckless actions and behaviours of himself and his crew which have angered the Greek gods. Consequently, the gods provide them with a series of dangerous obstacles presenting tragedy, death, and destruction to the mortals. He has no choice but to meet every challenge without question if he is to ever see his home again. In the end, it is not his triumphs at Troy but his persistence and ability to never give up on his voyage home that makes Odysseus so infamous. Many times people find themselves unable to control the direction their lives take. While this can be unbelievably frustrating, one needs to keep in perspective that one cannot control every single detail of his or her life, and moreover one cannot predict what may or may not happen in the future. When something that is out of one’s control alters one’s set course, all that person can do is work through the hardship and attempt to find some solid ground once more. It is inevitable that life will take some nasty turns over the years, but one must accept that once the unexpected hits, the only thing that one can do is adapt to the situation and carry on.