Comparison Between Always and Tonight I Can Write

The poems by Pablo Neruda that I chose to analyze are complete opposites. In â€Å"Always† he describes his feelings for a woman and how they are forever. In â€Å"Tonight I Can Write†, Neruda writes about the end of a relationship, the end of love. His descriptions are very vivid in both poems, vivid enough that they make the reader feel what the writer is feeling. In Pablo Neruda’s â€Å"Always† the narrator is trying to express his feelings for the woman he loves. He starts the poem starts by telling his loved one that he is â€Å"not jealous of what came before me†(line 1-2), the relationships she had before. I believe he starts with this sentiment because he wants his loved one to know and fully understand that he loves her completely and regardless of her previous relationships. He compares her previous relationships with other men to pieces of them left behind in her body and he still maintains that he loves her unconditionally. The narrator tells the woman he loves to go to the place where he is waiting for her and that they will always be just the two of them. My interpretation of the last sentences of the poem is that he will always stand by her and is anxious to start their life together. In â€Å"Tonight I Can Write†, the narrator begins by saying he can finally write the saddest lines. He uses distance to explain why he can finally write the saddest lines. He compares the distance between him and his former loved one to the distance to the stars in the shattered night sky. He begins explaining his relationship by saying â€Å"I loved her, and sometimes she loved me too†(6); I understand with this statement that their relationship has ended and although it was not a serious one, I feel that he wanted it to be. This sentence makes me think that that he was more committed to the relationship than she was. The narrator alternating between past and present makes me think that he has not completely accepted the fact that the relationship is over. The narrator references the stars in the night sky, and mentions that without his loved one, the night sky seems even bigger. The narrator flashes back to nights in which he was with his loved one and reminisces about kissing her â€Å"again and again under the endless sky† (8). He continues to say that when he remembers that does not have her anymore, when he feels that he lost her; those thoughts give him the inspiration to write the saddest lines. His feeling of loneliness is emphasized by the â€Å"immense night, still more immense without her† (13). The narrator does not analyze his relationship or why it ended, the only thing that he considers worth mentioning is that the relationship did in fact end. When he says â€Å"the night is starry and she is not with me† (16), I understand that he is accepting the fact that life continues even though his relationship was over. I find these two poems to be so different and so much alike at the same time. In both poems Neruda’s sentiments are straightforward, honest and heartfelt. Always† describes the joys of being in love and that love being corresponded; while â€Å"Tonight I Can Write† describes the heartache of ending a relationship and still longing for the other person. In both poems the author uses vivid descriptions to make the reader feel what he feels, see what he sees and imagine what he imagines. For example, in â€Å"Always†, he compares the woman he loves to a river and the men in her relationship past to â€Å"drowned men†, I can see this image clearly in my mind and feel undeniable love and acceptance. In the second poem, â€Å"Tonight I Can Write†, the imagery used by the author makes me feel his pain, his sadness and emptiness. When the author says â€Å"my sight tries to find her as though to bring her closer†, I can feel his desire to be with her; I can feel his pain. I feel his loneliness as he remembers the woman he loved and the sadness he experienced and is still experiencing due to his relationship ending. The last sentences in both poems are complete opposites of each other. For example in â€Å"Always† the last sentences convey his happiness and eagerness to start their life as a couple: Bring them all o where I am waiting for you; we shall always be alone, we shall always be you and I alone on earth to start our life! (11-16) These last sentences reiterate the fact that the author does not care about the past men in his loved one’s life; he truly loves her and wants to spend the rest of his live with her. Her past does not concern him; all he cares about is the present and the future. In â€Å"Tonight I Can Write†, the last sentences convey a sense of sadness and resignation. I even sense a bit of anger and determination to stop feeling this sadness he feels every time he remembers her: I no longer love her, that's certain, but maybe I love her. Love is so short, forgetting is so long. Because through nights like this one I held her in my arms my soul is not satisfied that it has lost her. Though this be the last pain that she makes me suffer and these the last verses that I write for her. † (27-32) These final sentences tell me that the author is trying to convince himself that he no longer loves her. He states it does not take long for a person to fall in love but forgetting seems to take forever. It is not easy to forget. It is easier to love someone than to forget them. He still remembers the nights when she would rest in his arms and feels unhappy with the fact that he has lost this woman. He ends the poem by stating that after he finalizes the poem, he will no longer feel pain nor miss her; after he finishes the final â€Å"verse† he will move on and find happiness with someone else. The theme in both poems is distance and love. In â€Å"Always† he is telling his loved one to come meet him; he is waiting for her. In â€Å"Tonight I Can write† he relieves moments of joy from his relationship, only to come to terms that his relationship is over and that he is waiting for her. The narrator’s sadness in â€Å"Tonight I Can Write† it’s so overwhelming that I can feel it so much to the point that I can imagine myself living what he is living. In my opinion Pablo Neruda is an exceptional writer that always writes from the heart and is fully committed to making his readers feel what he feels. I have not found a Neruda poem I do not like. His imagery is so vivid, that I can clearly see in my mind the night sky and see the river full of drowned men. I can feel his love in â€Å"Always† almost as If I were feeling it myself. In â€Å"Tonight I Can Write† I can feel his sadness to the point that I feel brokenhearted and angry. In conclusion, these two poems are both beautiful in their own special way. â€Å"Always† is beautiful in the sense that the narrator reminds us of the joys of a new relationship; while â€Å"Tonight I Can Write† is a reminder that although ending a relationship is sad and at the moment it seems like the end of the world, life continues and one should try to be happy always.

The Crucible vs Real Life

The Salem Witch Trials were an extremely controversial period of time in our history. This was a time of suspicion and accusation of many innocent women and men that led to hysteria and complete turmoil in Salem Village. The Crucible portrays the Salem Witch Trials in a dramatic sense, but there are many similarities between the movie and the actual events. We can use these unusual events to compare to our own lives and learn from the mistakes of our past. I’ve found that although many differences are displayed between the movie and the actual events, the overall theme of The Crucible was accurate.One of the differences was the relationship between John Proctor and Abigail Williams. In the movie, their relationship had a much more intimate history than what actually occurred. They portrayed the pair to have had romantic relations, which created a very large shift in the plot of the movie. In real life, Proctor and Williams had no connection other than living in the same town b efore the witch trials. Also, another major difference was the character of Giles Corey. In the movie, he was pressed to death because he wouldn’t give up a name.In the actual events, Giles survived, but he was excommunicated from the church. He was very against the hangings that occurred, however, his name was re-entered onto the church scrolls in later years. The first similarity I noticed was the character of Reverend Hale. In the beginning, all he wanted was to use his church authority to help the people, but after the events got out of hand, he wanted nothing to do with the Salem Witch Trials. He was a large supporter of John Proctor. Another similarity was that all of this hysteria began in the home of Mr.Samuel Parris, involving his daughters and their friends after incidents of witchcraft in the woods. Arthur Miller, the director of The Crucible, used an â€Å"artistic license† to dramatize the events, and to make the overall movie more interesting to the viewe rs. Some may find this tactic unjust, however, I find that the changes he made didn’t display an inaccurate version of the Salem Witch Trials. The largest change that he made to the story was the love connection between Abigail Williams and John Proctor, and although that was untrue to theactual events, I found that it gave the movie an interesting twist. Besides the few differences, Miller stayed along the lines of the true story when it came to the actual hangings, character significances, and the tale of how the hysteria truly began along with who was primarily involved. When comparing the similarities and differences, numerous situations exist where the movie was spot on with the trials in 1692. Although there are significant differences, I believe that this did not take away from the historical facts, and that Miller properly used his artistic license.The severe lies and accusations which occurred in Salem during these trials appear so extreme that it would be impossible to compare to life today. However, recurrently in our modern day, it seems that some still haven’t learned from the mistakes of the past. Although not as severe as the hangings and false accusations that were shown in the witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts, the â€Å"breaking of charity† still proves to destroy friendships and relationships today. An example of this kind of situation could be a jealous friend starting a nasty rumour.Although it may seem harmless at first, the wildfire of gossip can travel even quicker the friend could imagine. If enough people believe and continue to spread the lie, this person could potentially lose many friends and have a lasting effect on their life, causing sadness and unjust treatment. Not to mention, the relationship between the victim and the rumour-starter would be severed until the situation is fully dissolved. Despite the fact that occurrences of this today rarely lead to death or the destruction of a close-knit town, the repercussions of lies can take a harsh effect on relationships to many people.In conclusion, the details of the actual Salem Trials and the movie The Crucible have many similarities and differences that are portrayed throughout history. I believe that Miller’s use of an â€Å"artistic license† is justifiable, and also think that the events of the witch trials can even compare to situations in life today. It’s possible to learn many lessons from this severe religious type of control, and many different opinions are portrayed throughout both the movie and the actual happenings.

Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr Duel

Therefore, he married Elizabeth Schuyler. Where his father-in-law was a Senate and in 1791 G. Philip Schuyler lost his Senate seat to Burr. Due to Hamilton popularity in Federalist, he blocked the Federalists to nominate Burr for governor. Then in 1792, Burr declared himself a Democratic-Republican. John Adams called Burr â€Å"unprincipled both as a public and private man† Hamilton was a Federalist and Burr was a Republican. Both men have repeatedly opposed each other. Hamilton owned the Bank of New York. Burr broke the stranglehold of the Federalists financers. Hamilton had lost the power of the purse and his political prominence all because of Aaron Burr. In that year, a tie between the Democratic-Republican candidates Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson, Hamilton in effort for denying Burr for becoming the winner for candidate, he favor Jefferson and crushed Burr campaign that let to Jefferson winning the election. On June 27, Burr formally challenged Hamilton to a duel, and Hamilton accepted because Hamilton political led him to refuse to deny the challenge. The duel wasn’t the result of the 1804 election but more of a culmination of their rivalry and disagreement between both of them for decades. Hamilton death was truly a tragedy for America because his efforts during American Revolution and Secretary of the Treasury. Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr Duel Therefore, he married Elizabeth Schuyler. Where his father-in-law was a Senate and in 1791 G. Philip Schuyler lost his Senate seat to Burr. Due to Hamilton popularity in Federalist, he blocked the Federalists to nominate Burr for governor. Then in 1792, Burr declared himself a Democratic-Republican. John Adams called Burr â€Å"unprincipled both as a public and private man† Hamilton was a Federalist and Burr was a Republican. Both men have repeatedly opposed each other. Hamilton owned the Bank of New York. Burr broke the stranglehold of the Federalists financers. Hamilton had lost the power of the purse and his political prominence all because of Aaron Burr. In that year, a tie between the Democratic-Republican candidates Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson, Hamilton in effort for denying Burr for becoming the winner for candidate, he favor Jefferson and crushed Burr campaign that let to Jefferson winning the election. On June 27, Burr formally challenged Hamilton to a duel, and Hamilton accepted because Hamilton political led him to refuse to deny the challenge. The duel wasn’t the result of the 1804 election but more of a culmination of their rivalry and disagreement between both of them for decades. Hamilton death was truly a tragedy for America because his efforts during American Revolution and Secretary of the Treasury.

Private Security Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Private Security Laws - Essay Example The peace officers that have been employed by the government entities have a separate set of rules and requirements then the ones who are being employed by private security officers. The peace officers belonging to any kind of private investigation business or private security business that are engaged in this business, with the consent and knowledge of chief executive officer who belongs to the law enforcement agency of the peace officer, may be exempted from the requirements and rules which are applicable to other security officers in the state of Maryland (Security Officer Law & Legal Definition, 2013). The private security officers are employed by the private security companies to protect the physical property as well as the lives of humans. They are obliged by law in the state of Maryland to enforce rules and procedures of their employers, prevent trespassing to the property of customers and employers, control access and prevent the damage or loss of the employer’s property or asset. They are also responsible for managing the flow of traffic by allowing only authorized visitors and employees and deter any kind of criminal activity on the property of their clients. The responsibilities of private security officers may differ from police officer and other government security officers in the state of Maryland, as they do not have the same authority and duties as public law enforcement officers. The private security officers in Maryland are permitted to exercise the arrest authority, while most of them may have a similar arrest authority like any normal citizen of state. Priva te security officers may also have same power and authority of arresting as the Sheriff Deputies while they are on the property that they have been paid to protect (Licensing Information, 2014). Â  Private security companies and the officers who work for them are always

Profiling Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Profiling - Term Paper Example Essentially, there are two types of profiling that are performed by criminologists and criminal investigators in the U.S. Inductive Criminal Profiling is theoretically associated with the creation of a psychological pattern of symptoms and the subsequent evidence of symptoms. This method involves generalizations and deductions based on statistics. Deductive Criminal Profiling is a less common method of profiling. This method puts emphasis on the profiler’s detachment from the situation and their ability to think critically. This discussion first examines the merits regarding the Inductive and Deductive Criminal Profiling methodologies then gives a detailed account of the intrinsic worth of racial profiling. For the purpose of giving a strictly textbook legal definition of criminal profiling, it is described as â€Å"a set of behavioral indicators forming a very characteristic pattern of actions or emotions that tend to point to a particular condition† (Moenssens, Starrs , Henderson & Inbau, 1995: 146). For a more practical description, a good example can be derived from the 1994 court case of the State of Oregon v. Lawson. The defense attorney in this case attempted to convince the judge that his client’s actions were not that of those persons who matched the usual profile observed of offenders that committed a similar type of crime. Therefore, his client could not be found guilty as a result of this logic. Essentially, Inductive Criminal Profiling is logical reasoning based on statistics and generalities resulting from analyzing data. The following (fictitious) example showcases the reasoning and logic involved in this type of profiling. Compiled statistics have shown that 75 percent of serial killers who have attacked nurses do so within 200 yards of a hospital, are white men who live alone, did not attend college, are between the age of 25 and 35 and drive small red cars. A suspect has been questioned by police who they believe to be the offender in the death of a nurse but they do not yet have sufficient evidence to make an arrest. They determine by profiling if this could be a person who is more likely than the majority of the population to have committed such a crime. Though the offender does not drive a red car and the nurse was killed far away from a hospital, the offender is a white male who lives alone and did not attend college, this person still fits the profile and is thus deemed worthy of further investigation (Turvey, 1998). The advantages of the Inductive method of criminal profiling are apparent. Primarily, it is a tool that is straightforward and simple to use. Profilers do not need a formal forensic education or other specialized training in the field of criminal behavioral studies to effectively implement this method. Moreover, general offender profiles can be collected by police agencies without expending a great amount of resources, time or effort and does not require the profiler to possess speci alized abilities. A typical criminal profile is usually a relatively short list illustrating unqualified offender similarities. â€Å"These generalizations can accurately predict some of the non-distinguishing elements of individual criminal behavior, but not with a great deal of consistency or reliability† (Turvey, 1998). Currently, the U.S is collaborating with Canada to integrate the many separate profiling databases via computer link-up. There are obvious disadvantages

Sustainable Operations Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainable Operations Paper - Essay Example Soon companies started realizing that profits and profitability are not the only factors of long term development but future of the people and the planet are also key elements for sustainable operations. Hence, these new objectives were classified as the triple bottom line (3BL) which included the three P’s of people, profit and planet. After all the recent developments and expansions, people have started to ask for more than mere salaries and profits. They now emphasize on factors like improved performance on environmental, health and safety issues. So now Wal-Mart has to make the decision of investing in such activities of environmental and health concerns and how do follow them in the most efficient and cost effective method. Wal-Mart, 2009. Media OnSugar [http://media.onsugar.com/files/ons4/2009/12/53/307/3075777/e343f2c5ac55a097_350px-Sustainable_development.svg.xlarge.jpg] â€Å"At Wal-Mart, we know that being an efficient and profitable business and being a good stewar d of the environment are goals that can work together. Our broad environmental goals at Wal-Mart are simple and straightforward: To be supplied 100 percent by renewable energy; To create zero waste; To sell products that sustains people and the environment. Our efforts have been recognized through  numerous awards, which would not be possible without the support of our customers, associates and communities around the world.† (Wal-mart, 2012) Wal-Mart launched a global business strategy of sustainability to lessen the business’s burden on the global environment and hence become one of the leading supply-chain companies in the world. They aimed to be named as the most competitive and innovative company in the world. The emphasis was then on the fact that objective of profitability was going to be taken along with the implementation of development of the environment. (Wal-Mart, 2012) The management at Wal-Mart knew that they had to carry the program of improvement of env ironment along with business profitability to gain sustainable operations and growth in longer term. Wal-Mart hired a popular firm, Blu Skye for an overall analysis of the environmental impact and for consultation on issues related to sustainability in the globalized world. Wal-Mart collaborated with other companies as well which included; Conservation International (CI) and Environmental Defense (ED). ( Farfan, 2011) The team of Wal-Mart executives had identified 3 primary areas of environmental goals which mainly included; energy, waste and products. All these are divided into two sections; direct goals and indirect goals. Direct goals include increasing energy efficiency, transitioning to renewable energy and reducing waste in retail operations. All these were in immediate control of Wal-Mart and can be classified as primary factors. Indirect goals included basic operations and relationship with the suppliers. They focused more on sustainable operations and entire value chain of Wal-Mart. (Herrera, 2010) All the sustainable operations drive led by the management of Wal-Mart was highly confused as being more of philanthropist nature. After serious concerns and meeting, the idea was brought into the mind of many who were confused to clear all the misconceptions about the business handling being carried out. They stated that all the business activity carried out by Wal-Mart was not

The in-game advertising industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The in-game advertising industry - Essay Example Business organizations have been very quick to realize the potential profit gain from this segment. Massive Incorporated, which is the world’s first video game company, operates with the mission of â€Å"aggregating the gaming audience to deliver advertising across a network of premier video titles and providing measured results on consumer interaction with the advertising.† Double Fusion is an Israeli in-game advertising company established in the summer of 2004. The business model of Double Fusion is very much similar to that of Massive. The product line of Double Fusion ranges from dynamic advertisements, integrated advertising, and â€Å"around game† inventory. In Game Advertising (IGA) seeks t o provide advertising services with its global computer video game media and advertising network. As opposed to Massive and other aforementioned competitors, IGA’s network encompasses multiple platforms including PC, console and mobile gaming and offer both stat ic and dynamic advertising. Together with Massive, Double Fusion and IGA Worldwide captures the largest market shares. Some smaller start-ups and players in the video game industry are also taking the challenge of in-game advertising.Despite the rapid growth of the video gaming industry, it also faces numerous challenges. It should be noted that customers now demand the creation of video games which have more sophisticated story lines and graphic improvements. On the other hand, the average commercial life of a video game has significantly dropped to less than one year.

Participatory model in leading change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Participatory model in leading change - Essay Example Zink et al. (2008) found that failures result from the lack of planning for change management. Better results could be achieved from planning for comprehensive change management. The use of comprehensive change management allows overcome â€Å"lack of integration.† In order to achieve this, the relationship between policy and strategy has to be achieved, followed by logical fit between individual concepts. The participative approach allows planning for comprehensive change management. A comparison of participatory and autocratic leadership styles has been illustrated in table below. The comparison of advantages and disadvantages of both leadership styles indicate that participatory leadership could produce better results in the management of organizational change. Organizational change is a complex process, and the participatory style can enhance the change management process. Uhl-Bien (2006) argues that participation allows a relational leadership. This style of leadership allows focus on identification of individual attributes of individuals for engaging in relationships. The process views leadership as a process of social construction. According to Cummings and Worley (2008), a thorough diagnosis is required to reveal the causes of problems, or identify opportunities for development. There is complexity in change that could range from relatively simple processes to small workgroup for transformation of strategies and features of design for the whole organization. An overview of change management activities has been illustrated in the figure above. A critical issue is that people and organizations seek to preserve the status quo, and are willing to change only when there are compelling reasons for doing so. Creating a vision for change is aligned with leadership. The vision provides a purpose and reason for change,

Re-rite this thesis as a research paper, instruction in assignment Paper

Re-rite this thesis as a , instruction in assignment criteria - Research Paper Example higher costs and complications in mining operations which may require improved systems; the regulatory element is based on the changing legal elements which are shifting towards stricter environmental regulations; and the reputational driver covers the higher pressure from investors and the public on mining firms to cover issues of sustainability. Due to the issue of water scarcity in Chile, the need to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the mining industry became part of the business challenge. The government of Chile has made the necessary changes in order to support sustainability and other mining companies have also recognized the importance of reducing the impact of their actions on the environment. With these elements in place, investments and technological improvements in the mining industry are to be expected. The major pathway through which Veolia can validate its entry into the Chilean market is that of water scarcity. This challenge has the potential to harm the growth and productivity of Chile’s mining sector. It is important for Veolia to generate integrated solutions that can minimise water use, increase water reuse and improve water quality. There are two avenues through which Veolia can pursue its selling proposition. The first suggests that Veolia promotes rigorous environmental standards to leverage a conversation with clients. The second avenue suggests that Veolia develops and uses a multi-stakeholder engagement strategy both at the project and market level. Rigorous implementation of this two-pronged strategy will assist in building a strong source of competitive advantage, and will help it to maximise the value of its services. This paper is underpinned by a three-pronged research objective which called for examination of the way in which mining is regulated in Chile; the possibility for Veolia to use high environmental standards to leverage a conversation with clients; and the importance of a stakeholder engagement

Paraphrase creditor rights, remedies, and insurance as a component of Essay - 1

Paraphrase creditor rights, remedies, and insurance as a component of risk management - Essay Example The scenario given involves Eagle Sales Company who owned a warehouse after obtaining a mortgage from First National Bank. The two companies obtained insurance policies separately from the Good Hands Insurance Company to insure the warehouse. Later on, Eagle Inc. sold the warehouse to Interstate Distribution Company but kept the insurance policy. Furthermore, the bank agreed to be Interstate’s mortgagee, and Interstate also obtained an insurance policy from Good Hands Inc. to cover the warehouse. If a fire destroys the property, the companies that will recover an amount of the loss are Interstate and the mortgagee. Eagle Sales Company cannot have any share because they have no insurable interest for the warehouse. This is because the only person who should recover from the loss is the owner of the property (Miller, 2011). Eagle cannot recover from the loss even if they had retained the insurance policy of the warehouse since, they do not have the insurable interest of the property. For instance, Eagle Inc. can only be entitled to a refund of premiums paid to the Good Hands Insurance Company. Insurance interests are not dependent on the premium payers of the insurance policy. Therefore, Good Hands risk was under the insurance policy that it sold to Interstate Distribution Corporation. This case is also unbelievable based on the fact that there is only a single insurance policy to any property insured. Insurance companies cannot offer multiple insurance policies on the same property. If an insurance company does this, then it will have to compensate the multiple claimants who had insurance policies for the property (Cheeseman, 2009). In this scenario, First National Bank and Interstate Distribution Company are the only claimants who can claim compensation for the loss of property. The information given clearly shows that the mortgagee who is represented by the First National Bank and the Interstate Distribution Company sites them

Separation of a mixture of solids Essay Example for Free

Separation of a mixture of solids Essay Purpose: Purpose: To determine and execute the separation of mixture of solids through different means. Examples are magnetisms, evaporation, and filtration Procedure: I used a measuring device such as a scale, funnel, beaker, magnet, saucer, and graduated cylinder to determine the values for each measurement. Data Table: Experiment data Grams Percent of Mixture Iron filings 1.4g 1.4/4.5*100 = 31.1% Sand 1.3g 1.3/4.5*100 = 28.9% Table salt 1.0g 1.0/4.5*100 = 22.2% Benzoic Acid 0.8g 0.8/4.5*100 = 17.8% Total 4.5g 100% A. I would have used the magnet to separate iron fillings as suggested in the lab. But I would have used the filter paper second to separate sand from rest of the solution rather than evaporation. B. Major disadvantages would have been not all the benzoic acid would pass through the filter paper which would make our procedure more difficult. C. Contamination of the other substances left in the sand.D. I feel there are four errors;1. Not thoroughly moving iron out with magnet.2. When pouring acid salt mixture into funnel some of the acid crystals stuck to the cup which made it difficult to get all sample out.3. Some of the benzoic acid might have passed through the filter paper into the salt water mixture. 4. Not proper dissolving the salt when separating it from the sand leaving salt in the sand mixture. Conclusion: When using various means of separating a mixture (magnetisms, evaporation, and filtration) it is possible to get accurate measurements of each particular material. However there is a high chance of error if care is not taking due to several reasons enu merated above.

Banks Mat Review Essay Example for Free

Banks Mat Review Essay Robert Banks and Bernice M. Ledbetter believe the subject of leadership to be one worth exploring, and they do so in their book much to our profit. In this short book, Banks and Ledbetter begin by presenting the overall question they want to answer: Do Christians core convictions shape their views and practices of leadership or are they affected by wider cultural assumptions? [1]The book begins by exploring the many reasons for the increased interest in leadership today. The authors offer a plethora of reasons, not withholding the greatly increased pace of change, and they also set out some other factors for understanding leadership, including the comparison and contrast between a ‘leader’ and the qualities of ‘leadership’. Banks and Ledbetter take great care to ask challenging questions. This practice aids in the development of the book. In the opening chapters they begin by defining leadership as involving a person, group, or organization who shows the way in an area of life. [2] The authors also provide a strong distinction between management and leadership while also showing the importance of these two roles to work together. The foundation of the writing is supported by the claims towards the importance  of the study of leadership. Banks and Ledbetter continue on to explore leadership in a wider range of historical and Biblical contexts. They work from religious and Christian perspectives and work outward towards cultural influences. The authors share insight as it relates to the biblical, historical and contemporary perspectives, covering the accounts of the Apostle Paul, historical models such as the Benedictine tradition, Lutheran, Presbyterian and Pentecostal. They continue by exploring trait, contingency and transformational leadership. Chapters three and four provide the most specific writings on the topic of leadership. In these chapters Banks and Ledbetter draw attention to the raw spiritual, theological, and religious concepts of leadership. Here the authors conduct a case study of a significant author of leadership material, Stephen Covey. It is revealed that many readers are influenced by his Mormon faith without truly understanding or discerning the undertones.[3] This continues with an exploration of other perceived authorities on the topic of leadership. One such study is of Laura Beth Jones, an woman writer with increasing influence as it relates to leadership. Chapter five addresses how to translate practices of leadership into individual context through the use of three basic yet important values: faithfulness, integrity, and a servant-like attitude. Exploration of these three traits is undergirder with discussion of authors such as Robert Greenleaf. He is one of many leaders who brought into popular leadership thinking the idea of ‘servant leadership’.The book closes by offering examples in the form of case-studies. These studies provide deeper insight into the foundational qualities of successful leaders over the span of several years and many different context. This offers the reader a broader view of leadership by showing its success in many different forms and context. CONCRETE RESPONSE While reading through each chapter I was challenged to consider the conflicts I have faced that came as the result of lacking a manager to accompany my leadership. As a pastor, I am a natural leader. I tend to seek out change while searching for ways to constantly make things better and more efficient. About two years ago I was in a conflict with several of the leaders in our church. The conflict revolved around our misunderstanding of  each others approach and roles in leadership. As an proponent of change, I was offended by their seeming lack of faith in pursuing a broader reach in ministry and our effectiveness in the community. As managers, they were more apt to move slowly and could only visualize the problems that would need to be addressed in order to achieve the vision that was laid forth by me. After studying the viewpoints of Banks and Ledbetter I can now see how we could have easily been on the same page and shared the same goal while simply looking from distinct perspectives. I have now began to wonder how many other relationships could have been mended by simply understanding the role that each party played. I have a tendency to assume that others will automatically view things in the same way that I have. This has often led to great disappointment or great feelings of being misunderstood. In this way my passion can easily become focused on the wrong thing and people could easily become the target of that passion. REFLECTION While the book does a great job of exploring the topic of leadership, because of the breadth and depth of the topic many questions remain. Taking into account the authors definitions of managers and leaders, how do the two roles successfully communicate their intentions to one another? It is very possible for the two roles to coexist with proper acknowledgment of one another. How do the two operate together effectively without disrespecting or disregarding the importance of each role. Also, how does one know which leadership style works best in a given context? Does it take an extended period of trial and error to discover the proper styles? How do followers or even managers respond to a constantly changing leadership style? This book could have been greatly improved with a more comprehensive study of the specified leadership topics. The writing feels much like a generic overview of very important topics. While well written and engaging, I am left wanting as it relates to determining how to not only incorporate the leadership styles but also choose the style that is most fitting. This book feels like a movie that ended too soon. Leaving readers wondering what do with the brief information provided. ACTION With a fresh view of the information given by Banks and Ledbetter, I now have the information needed to implement a healthier leadership style that includes a clarity of my role as an agent of change. This plan is broken into two distinct parts. First, to properly identify the contexts that guide the view of leadership within the leadership team of the church that I pastor. What types of leaders have they encountered in the past? Are they open to change or resistant to it? This objective will be accomplished through the scheduling of one on one meetings with each leader. These meeting will allow me the opportunity to engage each leader in a meaningful conversation about the leadership styles they are most comfortable with. With this information I will be equipped to better serve these leaders by communicating with them in a way that they are most likely to receive. This is based upon Banks and Ledbetters observation of the broad idea of leadership many people carry. Secondly, I will create a comprehensive list of the core beliefs that will guide our leadership team. For those considering becoming parts of our church, how do they know the values that determine our decision making as leaders? This list will answer that question. It will become the core values for current and even future leaders. This comprehensive list will incorporate biblical teachings from Jesus as well as the Apostle Pauls qualifications from 1 Peter and the epistles to Timothy. By outlining these core values, we create accountability, an attribute that could also allow for congregants and members alike to feel more comfortable engaging with the vision of our church by being secure in the direction and the values that guide us. BIBLIOGRAPHY Banks, Robert and Ledbetter, Bernice â€Å"Reviewing Leadership: A Chriatian Evaluation of Current Approaches†, Grand Rapids, MI Baker Publishing Group 2004

The Gear Reduction Starter Engineering Essay

The Gear Reduction Starter Engineering Essay A starter motor is a high-torque motor for tuning the gear on the engine flywheel. Starter motor is also known as starting motor or a starter. The function of starter is to reduce the starting current by inititlly high resistance. In RLC series circuit resistance, inductance and capacitance are connected in series. Starter is used to protect the motor from overload. If the starter is 3ph to avoid single phasing and it is used to reduce the strating current. In motor starter both Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal-combustion engine require the pistons to be moving before the ignition phase of cycle. This means that the engine must be set in motion by an external force before it can power itself. A hard crank was used to start engines, but it was inconvenient, difficult, and dangerous to start an engine. Care had to be taken to retard the spark in order to prevent backfiring with advance spark setting. The engine could kick back, pulling the crank with it, because the overrun safety mechanism works in one direction only. In this case users were advised to cup their fingers under the crank and pull up, it felt neutral for operators to grasp the handle with the fingers on one side, the thumb on the order. Even a simple backfire can break thumb or it is also seen that it could end with a broken wrist. The electric starter ensured that anyone could easily start and run an internal combustion engine car, and this made it the design of choice for the car buyers. ELECTRIC STARTER The electric starter is a permanent-magnet or a series parallel wound direct current electric motor with a solenoid switch mounted on it. Current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid through a key operated switch which pushes out the drive pinion on the starter drive shaft. The solenoid also closes high current contacts for the starter motor, which begins to turn. Once the engine starts, the key operated switch is opened, a spring in the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear and the starter motor stops. The starterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pinion is clutched to its drive shift through an overrunning sparg clutch which permits the engine to transmit drive only in one direction. This is why the drive is transmitted through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear , but if the pinion remains engaged, the pinion will spin independently of its driveshift. This prevents the engine driving the starter for such backdrive would cause the starter to spin so fast as to fly apart. That is why a standard starter motor is only designed for intermittent use which would preclude its use as a generator. This system of pinion arrangement was used in early 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s after that a new system was introduced and named as Bendix Drive. The Bendix system places the starter drive pinion on a driveshift. When the starter motor starts turning, the inertia of the drive pinion causes it to ride forward and thus engage with the ring gear. When the engine starts, backdrive from the ring drive causes the ring gear to exceed pinion to rotative speed of a starter, at which point the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and thus out of mesh with the ring gear. The drive unit is spun at a releasing the latch and permitting the overdriven drive unit to be spun of engagement. In this matter unwanted starter disengagement is avoided before a successful engine start. GEAR-REDUCTION STARTERS In 1962, Chrysler introduced a starter incorporating a geartrian between the motor and the driveshaft. Rolls Royce had introduced a conceptually similar starter in 1964 but Chrysler was the first to bring volume-production unit in the market. The motor shaft was integrally cut gear teeth forming a drive gear which mesh with a larger adjacent driven gear to provide a gear reduction. This permits the use of higher speed, lower current and lighter motor assembly while increasing cranking torque. The Chrysler starter made a unique, readily identifiable sound when cranking the engine. This starter formed the design basis for the offset gear reduction starters now employed by the vehicles on the road. Light aircraft engines also made extensive use of this kind of starter because of its light weight that offered an advantage to the aircraft companies. Ford also issued a nonstandard starter, a direct drive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ moveable pole shoe à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  design that provided cost reduction rather than electrical benefits. This type of solenoid eliminated the starter. There are some steps that we have to follow while operating the ford starter:- The operator closed the key-operated starting switch. A small electric current flowed through the starter relay cord , closing the contacts and sending a large current to the starter motor assembly. One of the pole shoes hinged in the front, swang into position. This moved a pinion gear to engage the flywheel ring gear. The starter motor cranked the engine until it started. The operator released the key-operated starting switch, cutting power to the starter motor assembly. A spring retracted the pole shoe and with it the pinion gear. This starter was used on ford vehicles from 1973 through 1990, when a gear reduction unit conceptually similar to Chrysler unit replaced it. PNEUMATIC STARTER Some gas turbine engines and Diesel engines ues a pneumatic self starter. The system consists of geared turbines , an air compressor and a pressure tank. Compressed air released from the tank is used to spin the turbine, and through a set of reduction gears, engages the ring gear on the flywheel, much like an electric engine. On larger diesel engines found in large shore installations and especially on ships, a pneumatic starting gear is used. Theair motor is generally powered by compressed air. The air motor is made up of center drum about the size of a soup can with more than four slots cut into it which allows the vanes to placed radically on the drum to form chambers sround the drum. The drum is offset inside a ring casing so that the inlet airfor starting is admitted at the area where the drum and the vanes form a small chamber compared to others. Some small diesel engines such as ones found on tugboat and lifeboat use hydraulic starters in which the air is replaced with a hydraulic motor. The engine should not be shut down while running unless the hydraulic accumulators for the starting motor are recharged. Else there is a manual hand pump to slowly pump up the accumulators. On large diesel engines and almost all diesel generators used the prime movers of the ships will use compressed air acting directly on the cylinder head. This is not ideal for the small diesel engines as it provides too much cooling on starting. The actual compressed air is provided form a large reservoir that feeds into a header located along the engine. As soon as the air starts the valve starts opening and the compressed air is admitted and the engine will being turning as it can be used on 2-cycle or 4-cycle engines and on reversing engines. On large 2-stroke engines less than one revolution of the crank shaft is needed for starting. This is why the heavy trucks use air breaks and the system gives the double duty by supplying compressed air to the break system. Pneumatic starters have the advantage of delivering high torque. ELECTRIC MOTOR The electric motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Electric motor operates through interacting magnetic fields and current carrying conductors to generate force. Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps. They may be powered by electric current or by alternating current from a central electrical distribution grid. The smallest motor is found in electric wrist watches. Medium size motor of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are used for propulsion of large ships. The physical principle of production of mechanical force by the interaction of an electric current and a magnetic field was known as early as 1821. Electric motors of increasing efficiency were constructed throughout the 19th century, but commercial exploitation of electric motors on a large scale required efficient electric generators and electrical distribution networks. Device used with AC electric motor to temporarily reduce the load and the torque in the powertrain of the motor during start is known as electric motor. Mechanical stress is also reduced by the electric motor. INDUCTION MOTOR There are different types of asynchronous AC motors and one of them is induction motor. When power is supplied to the rotating device by the means of electromagnetic induction. There are several ways to supply power to the rotor. In a Dc motor this power is supplied to the armature directly from a DC source. Sometimes an induction motor is also called a rotating transformer. This is because the stator is essentially the primarily side of the transformer. TYPES OF STARTER MOTOR Direct on-line starter Star delta starter Automatic star delta starter Auto transformer starter Steps starter Motor soft starter Differences in some of starter motor are as follows 1. Difference between Direct on-line starter and Star delta starter A direct on-line(DOL) starter connects the motor terminal directly to the power supply. Hence, the motor is subjected to the full voltage of power supply. Consequently high starting current flows through the motor. This type of starting is suitable for small motors below 3.75kw. reduced voltage starters are employed with motors above 3.75kw. Although DOL motor starters are available for motors less than kV. Supply reliability and reserve power generation dictates the use of reduced voltage or not. 2. Differences between Star delta starter and Automatic star delta starter To reduce the starting current of an induction motor the voltage across the motor needs to be reduced. This can be done by autotransformer starter, star-delta starter or resistor starter. These days VVVF used extensively for speed control serves this purpose also. Whenever you start a big heavy electric motor, you need to start it slowly to prevent the rotor overheating and drowning an enormous current. Future prospective Methods are changed in building the starter motor. Many new technologies continue to be introduced in new cars and trucks. General improved methods are:- better engine peak efficiency potential losses are reduced at light load from throttling weight, drag and rolling resistance is also reduced Mid-term engine technology is introduced on the market. Most promising development is cam-less valve actuation which offers potential to reduce throttling loss to near zero. New technologies introduced in the market are quite expensive but are very beneficial for the ecological balance.

Economies of Spain and Germany Essay -- essays papers

Economies of Spain and Germany Economy of Germany Germany’s Economic System the Federal Republic of Germany’s economy has now flourished despite its harsh times that have been faced throughout the decades. Most people know about Germany from its historic involvement in World War II; its successful campaign to unite East and West with the successful collapse of the Berlin Wall; and its world class development and production of automobiles. Unfortunately, what most people don’t know is that Germany continues to fight an uphill battle in keeping its established ranking among the world’s most important economic powers. A historic look back at Germany shows that after its fall in World War II, it needed a massive rebuilding in order regain its status that it once held. Various events took place that helped it re-climb the pedestal ladder. The year 1948 brought a currency reform that was the turning point for economic reform. There was a continuous economic growth each year for Western Germany, but the strict, conservative ways of East Germany’s communist rule still slowed true growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). To make matters worse, the whole country experienced a significant drop in its GDP, causing a recession from 1976 through to 1985. There was a growth again for the next eight years before a major down ward spiral began in 1992. Germany’s early ‘90s spiral was attributed to the reunification of the country between 1989 and 1990. Once the two countries formed their one republic, the economy took its major tumble. Economists have figured this to be true because West Germany continued to evolve with industrial and technological breakthroughs and standards, while the communist East Germany adhered to traditional, unproductive ways that in some cases dated back to the 1940s and World War II times. So instead of combining to form an economic powerhouse, the GDP tumbled and caused a massive surge to restructure and work began to regain the decades of reform that were no longer noticeable. The Republic formed after reunification consists of 16 states, which is still looked at and measured as East and West Germany. Despite all of these states following the established free-market economy, there is still a noticeable gap between the economies of the two sections. German government assistance of nearly $100 billion annually has h... ...rld Fact Book. January 12, 2000 Spain http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html World Bank Group. January 12, 2000 http://www.worldbank.org/html/schools/regions/eca/spain.htm Tradeport. January 12, 2000. http://www.tradeport.org/ts/countries/spain/trends.html The Economy of Spain. January 12, 2000 http://www.travelnet.co.il/espagne/menu/TheEconomyOfSpain.htm Clements, John, ed. Clements’ Encyclopedia of World Governments. Dallas, TX: Political Research, 1996. Culturegrams 1995. Brigham Young University: David M. Kennedy Center for International Study, 1998. German Economy. http://www.cnnfn.com â€Å"Germany.† Encyclopedia Britanica. 1997 edition. CIA World Fact Book. January 12, 2000 Germany http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html Turner, Barry, ed. Statesman’s Yearbook 1998-1999. New York, NY: Macmillan Reference, 1998. United States Department of State. Germany. Background Notes. Washington, DC: Department of State, 1995. Country Data. January 12, 2000 http://www.worldbank.org/data/countrydata/countrydata.html World Bank Group. January 12, 2000 http://www.worldbank.org/html/schools/regions/eca/germany.htm

Theatre of the Absurd Essay -- English Literature

Theatre of the Absurd Essay. The Theatre of the Absurd originated from experimental Arts of the avant-garde in the 1920’s and 30’s. It highlighted the meaning of life and came about as a result of the Second World War. It was also a result of absurd plays having a highly unusual, innovative form, aiming to startle the viewers. In the Second World War, in the meaningless and godless post Second World War world, it was no longer possible to keep using traditional art forms and standards that had ceased being convincing. It openly rebelled against conventional theatre. It was very anti-theatre, coming across as surreal, senseless and plotless. Samuel Beckett and Harold Pinter were known as the ‘absurd’ play writers. They both share the views that man inhabits a universe with which he is out of key. ‘Come and Go’ by Samuel Beckett is a very simplified; basic play based on three characters talking of the old days and their friendship. Beckett was born 13th April 1906 near Dublin. He was awarded a Nobel Prize for literature in 1969. ‘Black and White’ by Harold Pinter is the core of a minimalist set with very little communication between the characters. The play bases the two old women in a milk bar. It comes over as a plot less play with very little meaning. These two plays ‘Come and Go’ by Samuel Beckett and ‘Black and White’ by Harold Pinter both seem to carry very little meaning. On a surface level, both plays are short. ‘Black and White’ is a non-trusting play with evidence of emptiness. Both plays send out a message to the audience. This is shown particularly where there are silences throughout the plays. Theatrical techniques used in ‘Come and Go’, show at the start of the play, clearly how the... ...nce to finish the play, here the audience probably feel although the play is referring to an old friendship that maybe once hung about the three characters and they are bringing back memories between them. In the Theatre of the Absurd, the two plays ‘Come and Go’ by Samuel Beckett and ‘Black and White’ by Harold Pinter carry many similarities and differences. They are both plays which carry no meaning and characters have no identities. ‘Black and White’ is much longer than ‘Come and Go’. ‘Black and White’ is set in a more realistic modern way, of two women sat in a bar having a typical talk, watching the day go by. ‘Come and Go’ gives a more 1800’s feeling with the characters having 1800’s names and the setting being very abnormal to a normal more modern play. ‘Come and Go’ is a more atmospherically, tensional play with the characters being more active.

Causes of Natural Hazards Essay -- hurricanes and earthquakes

Hazards are possible sources of danger. Types of hazards are those such as hurricanes, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. A cause is what makes something happen and is a reason for it happening. The two types of hazards I will be outlining the causes for are hurricanes and earthquakes. A hurricane and tropical storms are cyclones. When the winds reach a constant speed of 74 miles per hour or more, it is called a hurricane. A hurricane is caused when a large mass of air is warmed up and the warm humid air begins to rise. As the air rises, it cools and condenses to cloud and rain. They are tropical storms. The hurricanes winds blow in a large spiral around a calm centre called the ‘eye’. The eye is usually 20-30 miles wide and the storm itself may have a diameter of 400 miles. As a hurricane approaches, the skies begin to darken and the winds grow stronger. The hurricane can bring torrential rains, high winds, and storm surge as it comes close to land. A single hurricane can last more than two weeks. An earthquake is a shaking movement of the earth’s surface. It results from faults. The earth’s surface is in continuous slow motion. This is plate tectonics – the movement of rigid plates at the surface of the earth in response to flow of rock within the earth. These plates cover the whole surface of the earth. Since they are all constantly moving, they rub against each other at the boundaries (for example, the San Andreas Fault in California). They sink beneath each other, or spread apart from each other (like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge). At such places the motion becomes less smooth - the plates are stuck together at the edges ... ... into the areas were blocked or bridges were destroyed. If the bridges had been built to survive a hurricane, aid would be able to get to the areas sooner and save lives as they would be able to reach people in time. MEDC’s and LEDC’s are both affected by hurricanes, although MEDC’s are able to respond to them quicker and more effectively then LEDC’s. Both of them need funding so that they can research and monitor hurricanes so that they can respond to them, but the difference between them is that MEDC’s are able to provide themselves with funding as apposed to LEDC’s who are unable to provide themselves with the funding required. The research helps people to learn more about hurricanes and the more people know about hurricanes, makes it easier for them to respond to them in the right way so that they can save lives.

Marketing strategy Essay

Nike Inc. founded in 1964 by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight is global leader in sportswear and footwear industry. With Nike occupying around 45% of global market share in footwear and apparels and moving further ahead, much of the organisational success can be credited to its marketing strategy that have helped the organisation achieve revenue worth billions every fiscal year ($18 billion being in 2008). Nike Inc. UK has a major market in the UK for fitness trainers and shoes provided for health and fitness purpose benefits to the consumers. Nike understands the importance of market analysis and marketing strategy based upon those analytical processes. Considerable amount of research and analysis have been carried on in understanding consumer needs, UK’s environment and potential opportunities. This report consists of situational analysis SWOT of Nike in UK and also presents situational analysis suggestion of ways in which competitive edge can be gained against its rivals with segmentation, targeting and positioning of the products. The importance of marketing objectives has also been highlighted in the report and thus provides Nike with a glimpse of marketing environment in UK and the expectations with role of marketing mix (4P’s). Introduction Nike has predominantly been successful in shoe manufacturing and distribution among the shoe manufacturers with its superior quality, high tech, ultramodern shoes that meet on going demand of the market and its trends. From professional athletics to most common need for fitness trainers, Nike has got fitness shoes and trainers in all shape, sizes and colours. Some of the most famous Nike trainers and fitness shoes are Nike + (spelled as plus), Air Jordan, Nike Shox, Nike Lunar glide, Nike Air Zoom, Nike 360 and many more. Nike is the sole distributor of Nike trade mark represented on each of these and many of its fitness trainers sold globally. High quality material, design and cut and technological enhancement of the shoes as per requirement of various activities thus make Nike the best choice for fitness trainers and shoes. Marketing Analysis and strategic evaluation of a company is an important component of any organisational success. Without well-structured marketing strategies and road maps to planning and achieving them, no organisation can be at the point where they want to be. Nike in UK covers a fair amount of market share and revenue for the organisation. The huge market diversity, brand awareness in market and consumer base loyal to high quality products therefore help to its cause. On the other hand, UK market is generally health conscious and trendy. Trainers and fitness shoes are therefore in much demand over last few years within the country itself. Marketing Audit (Nike Inc. UK) Nike Inc. UK follows management strategies that combine with six of the most important external factors that can have an impact on the organisation. PESTLE is a situational analysis tool that can be used by firms to determine their position against possible external influences such as politics, economy, society, technology, environment and law. Nike and its positional stand against background of UK market can therefore be analysed in the following way: Political Factors Nike Inc. has a considerably stable political environment and an economy welfare provided by the state. Considerable amount of legal requirements were accomplished by Nike during its entry in the UK as an organisation completing all political alignments. Considerable amount of fitness shoes and trainers are imported in UK which is sold all over. However, Nike might have to face challenges if government drafts policy or quotas on Nike shoes that can be imported from its production sites such as Asia-Pacific. Economic Factors UK economy has been unstable in recent years. The double dip recession few years back, inflation rate fluctuating abnormally, growing living costs, income tax rate increments and other economic factors directly or indirectly affected Nike’s performance in the UK with comparatively weak sales figure. Economic balance, employment rate and PDI all must be stable and firm enough in the economy to help a business sustain. Nike therefore needs strategic move that can guarantee its sustainability in such circumstances. Social Factors UK market comprises of people from multiple culture, religion and ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, Nike needs to understand the social system and practice of all these people whenever approaching them. Sales and marketing of the fitness shoes should be therefore based upon social acceptance of methods, people’s lifestyle and their way of thinking. For instance, consumers in UK who purchase fitness trainers are pretty health conscious and the numbers are growing as well. Hence, Nike needs to provide more health benefitting shoes and apparel. Similarly, social responsibility image of Nike has to be significantly boosted with accusations of running sweatshops in Nike factories in Asia which it has tried to improve with facilities, factory improvements and commitment towards further improvement. Technological Factors Technological factors are an important aspect that needs to be considered by Nike Inc. UK . Technological advancements in fitness shoes need to be updated and research and development of such apparels have to be advanced. With fitness shoes that are designed such for injury prevention, sole strengthening, speed sports, less sweating and many other features the advancement has been unimaginable. UK customers are updated and spend good time researching on features and quality of the product they want. Nike therefore has to be technologically capable of providing customer satisfaction. Environmental Factors Nike needs total understanding of UK market as consumers are concerned about how products they purchase can make an impact upon environment. Production materials, process and sites can be harmful to environment in many ways. This can be a grave concern for environmental activists and hence persuade consumer thoughts. Nike has to be able to inform the consumers in UK with their continuous efforts in making Nike shoe production environment friendly and use of raw materials and the production process least harmful to nature. Legal factors Nike has to oblige with all the legal regulations and in relevance with companies operating in the UK. They must consider their business privileges as well as legal responsibility in concern with marketing, promotion and sales in the Kingdom. Some of the legal acts that they need to consider are regarding press, trade acts, acts on sales and supply of goods, adverts and campaigning, television adverts, environmental acts and so on. Without its compliance of local laws and acts Nike would suffer a huge blow in gaining consumer trust as they cannot operate with efficiency. SWOT ANALYSIS FOR NIKE FITNESS SHOES Strength: Nike is a global leader in shoe manufacturing and has been in market for very long time. There is a considerable amount of customer trust and loyalty based upon the very fact that Nike has been able to provide highest quality fitness shoes with modern techniques and design over years. The research and development investment in Nike is huge. The very reason has pioneered Nike in producing ultra-modern technology in fitness shoes. Shoes with air compressed soles for low pressure on soles, ankle protecting designs, speed boosting trainers etc. have all been Nike’s brilliant ideas in meeting with modern demands of consumers. Beside innovations, Nike also provides consumers with choice of designing their own shoes in the UK. Nike has a global presence and their revenues are worth billions . Distribution channels for Nike are well established and it has diverse range of products to cater the consumers with. Weakness: Nike Inc. UK has had to compete fiercely against several of its competitors in recent years with economic downfall regarding price of the product. Several of Nike’s fitness trainers are comparatively expensive than other brands. With buyers focusing their mind on cost efficient purchase, Nike prices are a thought for many. On the other hand, Nike’s sweatshop factories in Asia which are not owned by Nike themselves but subcontracted had tarnished Nike image among many people. Nike has considerably put much effort in improving the working condition and lives of its workers thereby. Opportunity: UK market has lots of potential opportunities for the Nike. With numerous amounts of health conscious people and growing sport enthusiastic generation of youngsters, Nike has the opportunity to grab market by launching shoes and trainers as per the consumer needs. Use of internet is wide and common in the UK and e-commerce has been developing in a tremendous pace. Nike can use this opportunity to promote, inform and cater its consumers with its fitness trainers. Threats: Nike has been competing fiercely with rival companies such as Adidas, Puma, Asics, Umbro and others for fitness shoe production and distribution in UK market. Besides, challenges from competitors, forged Nike footwear relatively cheap and of low quality are circulated by counterfeiters in market which has hampered Nikes reputation and brand. On the other hand growing economic uncertainty, government cuts and rising inflation have been challenging Nike sales. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Competitive advantage can be defined as strategic advantage a company holds against the competitors in the industry. It can be marked as the positional state of company when it is able to create a benchmark in terms of profit in the industry. Nike has the competitive advantage over its rivals through wider market coverage, higher gross revenue and customer loyalty as well. Nike fitness trainers with their high quality design and attributes have been able to outperform other shoe makers. Nike therefore wants to hold this competitive advantage over its rival sustainably. Competitive advantage can be achieved either by, Cost advantage techniques when production is made in massive quantity and products sold in relatively cheaper price or differentiation techniques of producing unique featured products against competitors and providing relative value to the good priced. In 2003, Svend Hollenson provided seven key factors that provide organisations with competitive advantage. Nike with all these consideration and seven key factors can boost its performance therefore in market. The seven factors are: Economy of scale: Economies of scale refers to the term when production cost of a company is relatively lower than its sales revenue and earnings made are from massive sales. These companies produce goods on regular basis and avoid shortage in the market. Economy of scope: Economies of scope relates to the idea that cost of production can be further reduced by other organisational means such as joint administrative firms for different products, similar storage for different goods and cost effective methodologies used in production to distribution. Strategic thinking: The core competence of any business to succeed in modern business world is strategic thinking. With enormous amount of competition and impediments that can affect the business, Nike should be able to analyse its internal and external environment, assess operational lapses so as they can provide effective strategy to eradicate arrears and achieve their objectives. Use of local market: Global companies such as Nike have ample opportunity to provide their range of products to local market in the UK. With well informed and health conscious consumers growing on daily basis, Nike can exploit the opportunity to provide its trainers in all parts of the country. Nike’s product range and standards are well accepted and with more quality products coming in it can boost with learning of local market and advantages it can take from. Ability to provide global services: Nike has been able to provide its product and service throughout the globe. With communication, transportation and various technological developments that have made international trade reliable, company such as Nike have been able to market and cater their business worldwide. Use if information technology in global service is an essential tool which has been used by Nike to deliver its goods and services. Competitive advantage (Company specific): Every organisation should have a distinct and unique feature which provides a competitive edge over its rival companies. Nike has been providing high quality footwear from their founding days. Superior technology, design and features of Nike footwear are second to none. This very reason has made Nike achieve higher market share globally than its competitors by building excellent customer relationship. Human resource (competitive advantage): Nike and its success can be credited on high level to the employees of Nike who with their commitment, skills and attitude have made tremendous development and market coverage for them. Human workforce is an essential element of any business where firm should be able to provide the employees with business specific skills. This helps organisation achieve most out of the available workforce. SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING (STP) The marketing strategy of a company starts from mission and vision statement to selection of market and then positioning of the plans and objectives of the product in the market. Philip Kotler (1994) provided segmentation, targeting and positioning as the essence of strategic management for any organisation. Here, in terms of Nike Inc. UK, we can suggest following steps to be followed for strategic move: Segmentation: Research on existing market, types of customers and distribution of similar market should be carried out. Targeting: A target market (generally mass and more productive) which has to be served has to be analysed. Positioning: The plans are carried out to be performed in the target market and all the activities positioned. Nike Inc. UK should be able to research and develop the segments within UK market where consumers with similar characteristics can be served. The three approaches of market segmentation such as differentiated, undifferentiated and concentrated can be used to determine segments and plan accordingly by Nike. Nike can distinguish its market with several features and variables which determine the general concept about products that Nike offer, fitness shoes in this case. Socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, income and family etc. can be considered. It may also be based on geographic information such as area, area density, household and neighbourhood, market size and more. Behavioural data can be assessed to determine customer loyalty, buying trends, user choice and others. Psychographic studies would help Nike understand consumer lifestyle, fashion choices and many more. Nike and its segment targeting approach in the UK Socio demography: Nike Inc. UK provides fitness shoe and trainers in wide range and designs to offer different kind of customers. Trainers and shoes come in all shape, size, specification and quality. Trainers in multiple ranges for men, women and kids are available in the UK market. Sizes are marked effectively for fit in purpose and available readily in all the sales stores. Fitness trainers for men range from ? 38 least for Nike Zoom to ? 120 highest for Nike Trainer 1. Women have wide range of choice as well from Nike Air Cardio designs costing mere ? 28 to ? 140 for Nike Air Max+ 2011 id. Kid products range from ? 18 to ? 100. Geography: Nike has made its presence felt in all the major towns and cities in the UK. The points those are most likely to be consumer targeted have been covered as market by Nike. However, reaching the country sides would be a challenge and point of thought if Nike wants to expand its business all over the nation. Nike provides point of sale services in London, Birmingham city, Glasgow, Manchester city, Edinburgh and many other cities. However, internet usage is the only medium for other geographic parts to purchase Nike trainers. Customer Behaviour: It can be important for Nike to realise the importance of customer behaviour in UK. To learn more about consumer preferences and expectation, it is important to communicate with them and share their experiences. Customer loyalty can be earned by providing customers with benefits and services such as after sales, exchange facilities, warranty and making them feel cared for. Nike has to develop such credentials to learn more about customer status and capacity. Consumer psychograph: Nike has so far been successful in providing trainers and fitness shoes to varying demands of consumers that are available in the UK. Prices of the trainers range from ? 28 to ? 140 which shows that Nike has its focus on all sets of customer status. Some exclusive products are also sold in the market that focuses on trendy, fashionable and youthful nature of trainers and fitness shoes for the consumers. POSITIONING OF MARKET Nike Inc. has been very successful in positioning itself as a global leader in athletic footwear market. Even in UK, Nike has been really successful in covering huge market, enormous amount of consumer trust and therefore considerable amount of revenue for the company itself. Technological advancement, high quality materials, innovation and design in Nike footwear are what even the competitors try to imitate. Even though several European brands provide Nike with stiff competition in the UK, Nike has been efficacious in fending off challenges and come up with even better trainers and footwear as per the demand of demanding health conscious population. With a very competitive pricing strategy that is in concern with market expectations, Nike provides footwear of different sizes, design and price for different market segments. Nike has invested considerable amount of time and money on research of UK market since years which has made it one of the most trusted and loved brand in the UK. Such strong position and market share therefore is a positive sign for Nike in days to come. NIKE AND ITS MARKETING OBJECTIVES AND GOALS IN THE UK Nike has been established as a reputed business enterprise in the UK for years now. Their capability and product effectiveness are reflected in choice of people in using Nike fitness trainers before any available option. SMART based goals and objectives which relate to features of objective setting such as specification, measurement, attainment, realisation and time are necessary for Nike to implement in their strategies. Here, we analyse how Nike’s objectives can be related to the SMART approach. SPECIFIC: Nike is the leading women fitness provider in UK with revenue grossing worth 200 million dollars in 2010. Nike Inc. wants to double the gross amount by the fiscal year of 2014. MEASURABLE: Nike targets revenue of $27 billion by the end of 2015 as well as cumulative cash flow increment to $12 billion. ACHIEVABLE: Nike wants to provide UK consumers with 100% cotton used fitness trainers based upon consumer survey in coming years. Nike Inc. has plans to endorse its own athletics footwear during the 2012 summer Olympics in London by sponsoring all the American athletes participating in the games. REALISTIC: Nike Inc. UK wants to increase its market coverage in the UK which is 18% now to 25% within 2013 as Nike footwear have had tremendously appreciated response and promotional endorsements are to be boosted during Olympic games. TIME BOUND: All afore mentioned plans and objectives of Nike Inc. UK are to be completed in certain time allocated for each objective completion. MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS OF NIKE INC. UK Nike Inc. UK would have to define its objectives and the process of determining the achievement of those goals. Out of various strategic plans available, Nike Inc. UK can use growth strategies using both product and market. Figure source: http://highn. me/ansoffs-matrix-planning-for-growth/ Nike Inc. UK can develop its strategies by using various methods of strategic moves such as Market Penetration: by providing competitive prices against others, promotional campaigns, enhancing customer support and care etc. Market Development: by getting into newer geographic area, building newer distribution channels, creating new product dimension, creating new market segment etc. Product Development: by producing exclusive products, creating a new trend, using technological advancements in product, diversifying product ranges etc. Diversification: by producing new merchandises than usual for instance sweat free socks for Nike trainers, or other products to match Nike footwear and apparels such as caps, jogging scarfs etc. THE MARKETING MIX (4P’S) FOR NIKE INC. UK Nike Inc. UK and their marketing strategies may be subject to changes from external forces of environment such as politics, economy, society, technology, environment and law. The company however has no control on these factors and have to make adjustments on several occasions. The 4 p’s are variables that the organisation can control within its own marketing strategy and is generally known as 4 p’s of marketing mix. Here, we analyse Nike Inc. and its marketing mix. Product: Nike should be able to provide product variety to the consumers in UK. With people interested in different sports, Nike can make an impact on market here. The quality and features of the new trainers have to be of highest quality, design and durability. Latest trends and technology used in performance enhancement, accident prevention and safety of athletes should be made available in Nike trainers. Sizes and shapes have to come out in all different ways and the products need to be attractively packaged as well. Price: Nike needs to focus on all kinds of customer and research on the customer behaviour or purchasing pattern in the UK. Though Nike already provides trainers from as cheap as ? 28 to ? 140 and more, the prices need to be justified. List of the prices and their features marked with products can be helpful. Price discounts on times can be helpful for boosting business. Place: Nike should focus on locations where footwear can be retailed, distributed or sold more efficiently. Study of market is necessary to determine where Nike can make best out of its sales. Placement in this case may be stores around sport clubs, distribution to other sellers and others. Information technology has covered almost the whole part of UK which can be utilised by Nike to exploit the market and attract the customers. Promotion: Nike Inc. has used several of global athletes as brand ambassadors for the company. Their very link with the company and attachment has provided lime light to the Nike trainers as well. The company can advertise its trainers through media; create sales promotion from time to time and even sponsor future sport events to promote their products as well. Conclusion/Recommendation: Marketing Strategy is an important aspect in achieving the organisational goals and objectives. Only with considerable investment in analysing Nike Inc. ’s strength, weakness, opportunity and threats can the organisation implement marketing strategies. Nike enjoys good market presence and customer loyalty in the kingdom and thus can improve further. From the report, we can recommend some of the following aspects for Nike; The emerging youth culture and trend is an opportunity for Nike to market its products. More technological use in trainers, design can be improved so as to promote fitness trainers. Health benefits associated with fitness Nike trainers should be made aware to the consumers. Use of information technology can be great way to market coverage for Nike trainers and their distribution.

Comparing Lady Macbeth and Curley’s Wife Essay

Of Mice and Men, scripted in 1937 by John Steinbeck, and Macbeth, create ver hunky in 1606 by William Shakespeargon, both personate women as linked to the downfall of male person forthices. two play and bracing were set and written at dates where women did non take on servicem whatsoever respectables. Macbeth was s mop up-off performed in 1606 which was a elderly society and the miraculous Right of Kings meant that flock believed that kings were chosen by God to rule and so cut down a king, or regicide, was conside red ink to be the superlative sin that could be connected.I impart be looking at chick Macbeth who has a sinister check out everywhere her maintain. Of Mice and Men was written in the time of the keen embossment by this bear down in history, women had kickoffed to receive some seriouss such as voting, but they were the first to hurt their jobs when the Depression came and many had to become housewives erstwhile once again. Curleys married woman repre moves the frustration of women in this eon. This essay will focus on the similarities and differences between the two compositors cases and how they are be thought structure, language and themes.The audience first meets gentlewoman Macbeth in title 1 circumstance 5. She is reading a earn from Macbeth explaining the subjects that just took locate with the witches. This is followed by her soliloquy, so we hear her thoughts aloud. This indicates that peeress Macbeth will bring forth force over the purgets in the play, since she begins plotting the make of the king this display of power is grand for a woman in the s take downteenth century, which is further suggested by the fact that she would hit been played by a man on a Shakespearean stage. madam Macbeth during the play is important, since she is already the married woman of a nobleman and later the king. After the obtain of Queen Elizabeth, society was wicked to the highest degree powerful women a nd would have been very anxious well-nigh maam Macbeth since she begins to plot executing while reading the letter manifestation Yet do I ven date of referencetion thy / nature It is too full of the draw of human kindness to catch the adjacent way. secureest way is a euphemism for murder. She shows boldness and is critical of her husband.Lady Macbeth and Curleys wife both show hate for their husbands. In Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth is manipulative towards her husband, as she complains to him for returning the daggers to the moving-picture show of the crime, by saying My custody are of your colour, but I confuse / to wear a sum total so white, white is related to white or without sin. This relates to the con school text as during the Jacobean men are meant have blooming(a) hearts from all the people they have killed and for a woman to call a mans heart white, and for her to be shamed by it he mustiness be slight manly than her. The human relationship between Curley and Curleys wife is seen without confide throughout the development of the book.Curleys wife does not wish to be downstairs his male control Curleys wife says think I homogeneous to beat up in that house alla time? The vocalize stick means to stay prone by adhesion, this shows how she is unable to be surrender or disobey her husbands in any way. It shows that she hates to be by herself, and shows Curleys possessiveness and jealousy towards the separate characters on the bedspread about her reduces the things in which she is able to do. In the mid-thirties woman were often kept at home by their husbands as jobs were meet more than difficult to scotch and keep, as women just recently received the right to work in more masculine jobs and so this get them the least add up of rights to jobs when jobs became scarce.Lady Macbeth emotions and Macbeth somatic status are linked throughout the play. In Act 1 we see Macbeth being promoted to thane at the end of his battle, this is the start of his kingdom, defense and prison. Lady Macbeth on reading the letter sent for Macbeth increases in wickedness and this is the start of her kingdom, fortress and prison but with Lady Macbeth it is to defend or imprison her emotions or guilt.This doesnt last long for the queen as her guard is down and her emotions escape her during her noctambulation chance, as she says out, damned spot, a spot rear be referred to a rounded mark stain make by a foreign matter, as mud, kin, paint, ink, etc. She is not referring to a physical spot but the leak of her emotions, the product line stained spot of King Duncan, this is similarly shoes Lady Macbeths more famine side which the audience judge of a female in the Jacobean patriarchal society. Macbeths fortress comes crumbling earlier him at the end of Scene 5 ending with his decease, for the King to die is a mighty shock during the era where the ecclesiastic right of kings meant the handsomegest sin that could be committ ed as the king is thought to be chosen by God. Curley and his wife on the other hand are preferably the opposite.Curleys wifes decisions disturb the stability of Curley position on the ranch. The Curley we met at the start is presented as the strongest character on the farm, he is also the ranch owners son and is the unaccompanied(prenominal) one with a noticen wife. tout ensemble these factors make-up the lynchpins that hold at the kick the bucket of the gain. When Lennie breaks his hand he already becomes unstable and so starts being more inexorable with his wife such as making her stay at home. With his wife know going around the ranch with near see-through tops and baked up Barbie face, which for a woman in the previous(predicate) twentieth century his unrealistic as they are considered to be owned by their husbands. When she dies this is a very big have sex for Curley as with only one pillar barely holding him up his pyramid is toppling down. His anger is shown at the very end of the play when Curley throws a tantrum says That big son of a bitch make it. I know he through it.Both females characters foreshadow important event in the texts. Foreshadowing is seen straight extraneous when we meet Lady Macbeth when she speaks her soliloquy. During this soliloquy Lady Macbeth rants about her husband, when she mentions Make thick my blood, to thickened blood is also cognise as blood choke, Blood clot is known for being very painful, and so for her to want for her blood to clot, she must . cleaning lady in the 17th century were considered to be non-violent. Later in Act 5 Scene 1 Lady Macbeth certifies her terminal figureinal as she opened herself unconsciously, in front end of the doctor and nurse, and says Theres a knocking at the substructure. room access is any gateway marking an mesmerise or exit from one place or state to another, in this scene the door relates to the doors of hell, as Lady Macbeth is signature the weight of her sins on top of her.This prefiguration is fulfilled when Lady Macbeth is said to of killed herself off-stage. In Of Mice and Men foreshadowing is seen in chapter 2 when Curleys wife introduced physically to the reader. The text describes her as She had full, rouged lips Her fingernails were red like sausages red mules,.. of red ostrich feathers. inflammation is of the colour of fresh blood, and so her style shows her final stage in the near future(a) due to her desperation to catch the management of everyone on the farm. This is because many people snarl powerless and frustrated during the Great Depression.In the entrance to the new characters, George and Lennie, the scene is described Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sun in the doorway was cut off. The sunshine is related to the sunlight of heaven, this again is predicting her death in the near future. In chapter 5 the unused mentions A pigeon flew in through the open hay door and circled and flew out again, the pigeon in French is a young dove which can be related to the heaven, ultimately indicating her death a second before we her lady like corpses. Her death is like her introduction as they both having similar with her red theme.rouged cheeks and her reddened lips this proves that the foreshadowing at the start is related to her death at the end of the book. Curleys wife shows control over felons in Of Mice and Men further women having such low respect during the Great Depression.The play is structured so that the richness of Lady Macbeth decreases during the play while Curleys wifes magnificence increases during the novel. Lady Macbeth is ashamed of her husband at the start of the play as Macbeth shows so more weakness towards her. This disappointment of hers is shown greatly during the putting to death of King Duncan in Act 2 Scene 2. This also shows her importance, as she complains to Macbeth by announcing My hand are of your colour, but I shame / to wear a heart so white, shame is a painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of ill-treat or foolish behaviour. In mise en scene this is odd as during the Jacobean era women were expected to obey their husbands, but rather she is more masculine that her own husband. In Act 5 Scene 5, Seyton emotionlessly says The queen, my lord, is perfectly but we do not meet the death on-stage, this is to show that Lady Macbeth has deep in thought(p) her importance since the start of the play.On the other hand Curleys wife is less important at the start of the novel as we hear her in a conversation between Candy and George, as Candy describes Curleys wife as a tart. The news show is an offensive term for a female defame cover that what she does is not what is wanted from a 1930s wife as it was male chauvinist society and men were still dominant. At the end of the book Curleys wife is killed but not off-stage thus screening an increase in her importance since the start, this is believably bec ause she is direct cause of Lennies death compared to Lady Macbeth. Her increase in importance links to the fact that women started getting a lot of rights such as having the right to vote, as during the war women took over their husbands jobs and when the husbands returned some realized that women could do more than be housewives.We witness Curleys wife first performance of power over a male character in chapter 4, at Crookss rein room when she turns on him and says Listen, Nigger. The word Nigger is a contemptuous term used to refer to a fellow member of any dark-skinned people. By victimisation this term to a unforgiving person shows that Curleys wife has a subatomic amount of power in this patriarchal also by Crookss by and by reaction of curling into a ball this also shows her power a only the week lower themselves to a high power.During the 1930s a racial host called the Klu Klux Klan had power they disrespected black people and sometimes went as far as to kill them. I n the same conversation with Crookss Curleys wife says I could get you strung upon a corner so easy it aint even funny. Strung upon a tree this is called lynching lynching was first started in America by in the eighteenth century and was mostly stopped by 1920. Black people who went against white people in the 1930 still got hanged on a tree, this term shows the power in which Curleys wife holds over black people, as well as mentioning this to a black person is very offensive as over thirty thousand inkinesss died and shows the reason why Crooks reduced himself to nothing.Both Lady Macbeth and Curleys wife are the cause of the sorrow around them lead to both Lennie and Macbeths death. Lady Macbeth last shows the sexist weakness of women during the Jacobean era by allowing for her emotions to leak out and dies off-stage showing her unimportance. Curleys wife is throughout the novel shown as slutish and attention seeking and is eventually killed by a man as she does not have the st rength to sustain Lennie, showing her feminist side. Both authors portray their leads as weak and vulnerable even if they try to hide it.

Estate Planning

atomic number 23 4385-01 Case II Executive Summary For the historic several weeks, BJSMC conducted a comprehensive acres see providing a structural outline of our clients, Scott, body politic opportunities and limitations subject to specific request. Our client provided us with the by-line scenarios 1). If Scott dies this year, predeceasing sue, and his executor elected his designation of death as the paygrade date, indicate those assets (and their jimmys) that would be includible in Scotts plebeian commonwealth for estate tax purposes.Also, please explicate your reason for the inclusion or exclusion of separately asset. 2). Based on Scotts current estate intend, indicate those assets and their values that would qualify for matrimonial deduction. excuse your reasons for the qualification or non-qualification of each asset for the marital deduction. Based on factual information, hard-copy documentation, and professional experience, BJSMC open up the following resoluti ons to scenario I The Catchall Provision of Internal double-dyed(a) Coded states the general govern that the pull in estate includes the value of all spot interests, genuine or personal, obvious or in discernible. Under Section 2033, the deceased persons estate includes any interest in veridical estate, cash or money equivalents, whether kept in a bank, savings or checking account, certificates of deposit, money marketplace funds, or a safe-deposit box. The gross estate excessively includes any stocks, bonds (including tax-exempt bonds), notes and mortgages owned by the decedent.Therefore, the full values of the following assets are include in Scotts gross estate infra IRC Sec. 2033 since he is the sole owner o striving in XYZ kitty (500 shares) o Other listed mutual stock o Tax-free municipal bonds o Savings accounts o Household and other tangible personal lieu Section 2033 may also apply to inclusion of life insurance. If a decedent owns a life insurance indemnity on his or her own life at the date of death, the face amount of that indemnity must be include in the gross estate consistent to Section 2042(2).This section establishes a standard regarding nonessential of ownership whereby the owner of a life insurance policy is required to include the proceeds in the gross estate in the event that he or she possessed any incidents of ownership. In this case, it is specifically mentioned that Scott owns intravenous feeding life insurance policies on his own life. Therefore, the following items are include in Scotts gross estate under(a) IRC Section 2040 o unremarkable life policy purchased at age 23 o 20 payment life policy purchased at 34 Ordinary life policy purchased at age 37 o stipulation to 65 policy purchased at age 44 Under IRC Section 2039, the total value of the net-sharing plan and death benefit plan would be include in Scotts gross estate. o XYZ Corporation pension (noncontributory) death benefits o XYZ Corporation profit sharing (noncontributory) death benefits A special govern was enacted to control the estate taxation of reciprocal place with right of survivorship held solely by husband and married woman as well as station held as tenants by the entirety.Section 2040(b) (1) pertains to the one-half inclusion rule for pardners. The rule is that one-half the value of such property, regardless of which cooperator furnished all or part of the consideration, is included in the gross estate of the first spouse to die. Therefore, half the values of the following assets are included in Scotts gross estate o Residence purchased in 1987 o Vacation hearth o Checking account All property held in stick tenancy with right of survivorship by joint tenants other than a husband and wife unaccompanied is treated under a different rule.The property is included in a deceased joint tenants estate according to a percentage-of-contribution rule. Scott and Dan own the following property equally as tenants in c ommon therefore, half the value of the listed property provide be included in Scotts gross estate o Undeveloped real estate The property that Sue solely owns in her name (Saving account & other personal property) will not be included in Scotts gross estate. Property and property interests that are includible under Section 2033 are those that are owned by the decedent.Scott doesnt have any rights of ownership to Sues property in her name. Based on factual information, hard-copy documentation, and professional experience, BJSMC established the following resolutions to scenario II Qualifying Marital Deductions $246,000 death benefit o Included in Scotts gross estate $30,000 and $200,000 ordinary o Payable to Sue in a lump sum $377,000 of joint property o Right of survivorship $700,000 property passing o Passed to Sue outright Non Qualifying Marital Deductions & discernment $70,000/20-payment life insurance policy o not payable to Sue